| National Security Strategy of Japan |
国家安全保障戦略 |
| December, 2022 |
令和4年12月16日 |
| I Purpose |
Ⅰ 策定の趣旨 |
| The international community is facing changes defining an era. We are reminded once again that globalization and interdependence alone cannot serve as a guarantor for peace and development across the globe. The free, open, and stable international order, which expanded worldwide in the post-Cold War era, is now at stake with serious challenges amidst historical changes in power balances and intensifying geopolitical competitions. Meanwhile, a host of issues such as climate change and infectious disease crises are emerging, requiring cross-border cooperation among nations. Today, we are in an era where confrontation and cooperation are intricately intertwined in international relations. |
国際社会は時代を画する変化に直面している。グローバリゼーションと相互依存のみによって国際社会の平和と発展は保証されないことが、改めて明らかになった。自由で開かれた安定的な国際秩序は、冷戦終焉以降に世界で拡大したが、パワーバランスの歴史的変化と地政学的競争の激化に伴い、今、重大な挑戦に晒されている。その中で、気候変動問題や感染症危機を始め、国境を越えて各国が協力して対応すべき諸課題も同時に生起しており、国際関係において対立と協力の様相が複雑に絡み合う時代になっている。 |
| To date, advanced democratic countries, including Japan, have devoted themselves to upholding universal values such as freedom, democracy, respect for fundamental human rights, and the rule of law, and to spearheading the effort to shape the international society of coexistence and coprosperity. Numerous countries around the world, including developing countries, have also enjoyed the fruits of international peace, stability, and economic development in this globalized world rooted in such order. |
これまで、我が国を含む先進民主主義国は、自由、民主主義、基本的人権の尊重、法の支配といった普遍的価値を擁護し、共存共栄の国際社会の形成を主導してきた。途上国を含む国際社会の多くの国も、こうした国際秩序を前提に、グローバリゼーションの中で、国際社会の平和と安定と経済発展の果実を享受してきた。 |
| At the same time, however, dissatisfaction stemming from widening economic disparities and other factors are generating renewed feelings of tensions at the domestic level and even in inter-state relations. Guided by their own historical views and values, some nations, not sharing universal values, are making attempts to revise the existing international order. In the course of almost a century, humanity has invested itself in defining a fundamental international principle of the general prohibition of the use of force. Yet, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (hereinafter referred to as the "UN Security Council"), which has the primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, has overtly trampled on this very principle. This is coupled with ongoing unilateral changes to the status quo and such attempts at sea. In addition, some states, not sharing universal values, are exploiting unique approaches to rapidly develop their economies and science technologies, and then, in some areas, are gaining superiorities over those states that have defended academic freedom and marketeconomy principles. These moves challenge the existing international order, thereby intensifying geopolitical competitions in international relations. In the face of that, many developing and other nations are striving to avoid embroiling themselves in geopolitical competitions. We are even observing that some states are now following the lead of those not sharing universal values. |
しかし、同時に、拡大する経済格差等に起因する不満は、国内、更には国家間の関係において新たな緊張をもたらしている。普遍的価値を共有しない一部の国家は、独自の歴史観・価値観に基づき、既存の国際秩序の修正を図ろうとする動きを見せている。人類が過去一世紀近くにわたって築き上げてきた武力の行使の一般的禁止という国際社会の大原則が、国際社会の平和及び安全の維持に関する主要な責任を有する国際連合安全保障理事会（以下「国連安保理」という。）の常任理事国により、あからさまな形で破られた。また、海洋における一方的な現状変更及びその試みも継続している。そして、普遍的価値を共有しない一部の国家は、経済と科学技術を独自の手法で急速に発展させ、一部の分野では、学問の自由や市場経済原理を擁護してきた国家よりも優位に立つようになってきている。これらは、既存の国際秩序に挑戦する動きであり、国際関係において地政学的競争が激化している。このような状況において、多くの途上国等は地政学的競争に巻き込まれることを回避しようとしているが、中には普遍的価値を共有しない一部の国家に追随する国も出てきている。 |
| At a time when geopolitical competition is intensifying, issues are arising elsewhere in the world which call for global cooperation at large. We live in an era where there is a greater imperative than ever before for the international community to rally together in cooperation beyond differences in values, conflicts of interest, and others for the sake of taking on those global challenges that transcend national borders and put the very existence of humankind at risk such as climate change and infectious disease crises. |
このように地政学的競争が激化すると同時に、国際社会においては、国際社会全体の協力が不可欠な問題も生じてきている。気候変動、感染症危機等、国境を越えて人類の存在そのものを脅かす地球規模課題への対応のために、国際社会が価値観の相違、利害の衝突等を乗り越えて協力することが、かつてないほど求められている時代になっている。 |
| Turning our eyes to the neighboring region, Japan’s security environment is as severe and complex as it has ever been since the end of World War II. Russia's aggression against Ukraine has easily breached the very foundation of the rules that shape the international order. The possibility cannot be precluded that a similar serious situation may arise in the future in the Indo-Pacific region, especially in East Asia. Across the globe, historical changes in power balances, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region, are occurring. In addition, in the vicinity of Japan, military buildups, including of nuclear weapons and missiles, are rapidly advancing, coupled with mounting pressures by unilaterally changing the status quo by force. Moreover, grey zone situations over territories, crossborder cyberattacks on critical civilian infrastructures, and information warfare through spread of disinformation, are constantly taking place, thereby further blurring the boundary between contingency and peacetime. Furthermore, the scope of national security has expanded to include those fields previously considered non-military such as economic, technological and others, and thus the boundary between military and nonmilitary fields is no longer clear-cut either. |
我が国周辺に目を向ければ、我が国は戦後最も厳しく複雑な安全保障環境に直面している。ロシアによるウクライナ侵略により、国際秩序を形作るルールの根幹がいとも簡単に破られた。同様の深刻な事態が、将来、インド太平洋地域、とりわけ東アジアにおいて発生する可能性は排除されない。国際社会では、インド太平洋地域を中心に、歴史的なパワーバランスの変化が生じている。また、我が国周辺では、核・ミサイル戦力を含む軍備増強が急速に進展し、力による一方的な現状変更の圧力が高まっている。そして、領域をめぐるグレーゾーン事態、民間の重要インフラ等への国境を越えたサイバー攻撃、偽情報の拡散等を通じた情報戦等が恒常的に生起し、有事と平時の境目はますます曖昧になってきている。さらに、国家安全保障の対象は、経済、技術等、これまで非軍事的とされてきた分野にまで拡大し、軍事と非軍事の分野の境目も曖昧になっている。 |
| Japan also faces difficult domestic challenges such as a declining and aging population with a low fertility rate and a severe fiscal condition. With a view to resolving these challenging economic and social agendas at home and to bringing about economic growth, Japan must ensure an international environment that is conducive to facilitating crossborder economic and social activities such as trade of goods, energy, and food which are essential for industries, and the movement of people. |
国内に目を転じれば、我が国は、人口減少、少子高齢化、厳しい財政状況等の困難な課題に直面している。こうした我が国国内の困難な経済的・社会的課題を解決し、経済成長を実現していくためにも、産業に不可欠な物資、エネルギー、食料等の貿易や人の移動等の国境をまたぐ経済・社会活動が円滑になされる国際的な環境を確保しなければならない。 |
| We live in the world of a historical inflection point and in the face of the most severe and complex security environment since the end of WWII. Against this backdrop, Japan must protect its own national interests, including the peace, security and prosperity of Japan, the safety of its people, and the coexistence and coprosperity of the international community by steadfastly preparing for the worst-case scenario, including fundamental reinforcement of its defense capabilities. To this end, we will strive to proactively foster a desirable security environment for Japan by carrying out vigorous diplomacy. In addition, possessing defense capabilities, which enable Japan to firmly defend itself on its own, will indeed bolster the solid footing of Japan's diplomacy. |
このような世界の歴史の転換期において、我が国は戦後最も厳しく複雑な安全保障環境のただ中にある。その中において、防衛力の抜本的強化を始めとして、最悪の事態をも見据えた備えを盤石なものとし、我が国の平和と安全、繁栄、国民の安全、国際社会との共存共栄を含む我が国の国益を守っていかなければならない。そのために、我が国はまず、我が国に望ましい安全保障環境を能動的に創出するための力強い外交を展開する。そして、自分の国は自分で守り抜ける防衛力を持つことは、そのような外交の地歩を固めるものとなる。 |
| To achieve these objectives, Japan needs a strategy that integrates its national responses at a higher level by taking a panoramic view of the diverse dimensions of international relations as a whole, where confrontation and cooperation are intricately intertwined, including geopolitical competition and responses to global-scale challenges, and then by taking full advantage of comprehensive national power, including diplomatic, defense, economic, technological, and intelligence capabilities. From this standpoint, the Government of Japan hereby sets forth the National Security Strategy as its supreme national security policy document. The Strategy provides strategic guidance for Japan’s national security policy areas, including diplomacy, defense, economic security, technology, cyber, maritime, space, intelligence, official development assistance (ODA), and energy. |
こうした目標を達成するためには、地政学的競争、地球規模課題への対応等、対立と協力が複雑に絡み合う国際関係全体を俯瞰し、外交力・防衛力・経済力・技術力・情報力を含む総合的な国力を最大限活用して、国家の対応を高次のレベルで統合させる戦略が必要である。このような視点に立ち、我が国の安全保障に関する最上位の政策文書となる国家安全保障戦略を定める。本戦略は、外交、防衛、経済安全保障、技術、サイバー、海洋、宇宙、情報、政府開発援助（ＯＤＡ）、エネルギー等の我が国の安全保障に関連する分野の諸政策に戦略的な指針を与えるものである。 |
| Japan’s first-ever National Security Strategy (decided by the National Security Council and approved by the Cabinet Decision on December 17, 2013) was formulated in 2013. Guided by the policy of Proactive Contribution to Peace based on the principle of the international cooperation, the Legislation for Peace and Security was enacted. By so doing, the Government has put arrangements in place where Japan can seamlessly respond to situations concerning security. While maintaining the fundamental principles of the Japanese national security, grounded in these arrangements, the strategic guidance and policies under this Strategy will dramatically transform Japan’s national security policy after the end of WWII from the aspect of its execution. |
2013年に我が国初の国家安全保障戦略（平成 25 年 12 月 17 日国家安全保障会議決定及び閣議決定）が策定され、我が国は、国際協調を旨とする積極的平和主義の下での平和安全法制の制定等により、安全保障上の事態に切れ目なく対応できる枠組みを整えた。本戦略に基づく戦略的な指針と施策は、その枠組みに基づき、我が国の安全保障に関する基本的な原則を維持しつつ、戦後の我が国の安全保障政策を実践面から大きく転換するものである。 |
| Meanwhile, the exercise of power as a nation begins with the determination of its people. In order to steadily execute the Strategy, which encompasses a broad range of fields beyond the traditional boundaries of diplomacy and defense, it is essential for the Government to gain the understanding and cooperation of its people regarding the content and execution of the Strategy and to foster an environment in which they can voluntarily and proactively participate in Japan's security policy. |
同時に、国家としての力の発揮は国民の決意から始まる。伝統的な外交・防衛の分野にとどまらない幅広い分野を対象とする本戦略を着実に実施していくためには、本戦略の内容と実施について国民の理解と協力を得て、国民が我が国の安全保障政策に自発的かつ主体的に参画できる環境を政府が整えることが不可欠である。 |
| The Strategy consists of the following: |
本戦略は次のとおり構成される。 |
| The Strategy first outlines Japan's national interests, which should serve as the starting point in defining a national security strategy. Then, based on these national interests, the Strategy lays out basic principles concerning Japan's national security that have been nurtured over the course of the postwar security history and experiences as well as by the choices of the Japanese people. Additionally, it presents the current security environment surrounding Japan and its security challenges. On this basis, it sets out national security objectives that Japan should achieve, and identifies ways and means, namely through strategic approaches, by which it can deliver on the objectives through capitalizing on the Japanese comprehensive national power. Then, the Strategy puts forward various foundations of Japan, which sustain the execution of the strategic approaches. |
本戦略は、まず、国家の安全保障戦略を定める際の原点となるべき我が国の国益を示す。次に、その国益を踏まえ、我が国の戦後の安全保障の歴史と経験、国民の選択の中から培われてきた我が国の安全保障に関する基本的な原則を示す。さらに、現在の我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境と我が国の安全保障上の課題を示す。これらを踏まえて、我が国が達成すべき我が国の安全保障上の目標を設定し、この目標を我が国が総合的な国力を用いて達成するための手段と方法、すなわち戦略的なアプローチを明らかにする。さらに、戦略的なアプローチの実施を支える土台である我が国の様々な基盤を示す。 |
| Ⅱ Japan’s National Interests |
Ⅱ 我が国の国益 |
| Japan’s national interests to be preserved and developed are listed below: |
我が国が守り、発展させるべき国益を以下に示す。 |
| 1. Japan will maintain its sovereignty and independence, defend its territorial integrity, and secure the safety of life, person, and properties of its nationals. Japan will ensure its survival while maintaining its own peace and security grounded in freedom and democracy and preserving its rich culture and traditions. Furthermore, Japan and its nationals will continue to strive so that Japan and its nationals are respected and favorably regarded around the world. |
１ 我が国の主権と独立を維持し、領域を保全し、国民の生命・身体・財産の安全を確保する。そして、我が国の豊かな文化と伝統を継承しつつ、自由と民主主義を基調とする我が国の平和と安全を維持し、その存立を全うする。また、我が国と国民は、世界で尊敬され、好意的に受け入れられる国家・国民であり続ける。 |
| 2. Japan will achieve the prosperity of Japan and its nationals through economic growth, thereby consolidating its own peace and security. And, while working to realize Japan's economic prosperity, Japan will maintain and strengthen an open and stable international economic order and achieve an international environment in which Japan and other countries can coexist and prosper together. |
２ 経済成長を通じて我が国と国民の更なる繁栄を実現する。そのことにより、我が国の平和と安全をより強固なものとする。そして、我が国の経済的な繁栄を主体的に達成しつつ、開かれ安定した国際経済秩序を維持・強化し、我が国と他国が共存共栄できる国際的な環境を実現する。 |
| 3. Japan will maintain and protect universal values, such as freedom, democracy, respect for fundamental human rights and the rule of law, and international order based on international law. In particular, Japan will maintain and develop a free and open international order, especially in the Indo-Pacific region where Japan is situated. |
３ 自由、民主主義、基本的人権の尊重、法の支配といった普遍的価値や国際法に基づく国際秩序を維持・擁護する。特に、我が国が位置するインド太平洋地域において、自由で開かれた国際秩序を維持・発展させる。 |
| III Fundamental Principles Concerning Japan's National Security |
Ⅲ 我が国の安全保障に関する基本的な原則 |
| As a prerequisite for the execution of Japan’s national security policy in pursuit of protecting its national interests, the following are the fundamental principles concerning Japan’s national security. |
我が国の国益を守るための安全保障政策の遂行の前提として、我が国の安全保障に関する基本的な原則を以下に示す。 |
| 1. Japan will maintain the policy of “Proactive Contribution to Peace” based on international cooperation. In order to further embody this principle in the international community and to protect our own national interests in the time ahead, and based on the recognition that the primary responsibility for defending Japan lies with itself, Japan will squarely face the ever-changing security environment by decisively taking on necessary reforms and reinforcing our national security capabilities and roles. |
１ 国際協調を旨とする積極的平和主義を維持する。その理念を国際社会で一層具現化しつつ、将来にわたって我が国の国益を守る。そのために、我が国を守る一義的な責任は我が国にあるとの認識の下、刻々と変化する安全保障環境を直視した上で、必要な改革を果断に遂行し、我が国の安全保障上の能力と役割を強化する。 |
| 2. Japan will execute its security policy in a manner that maintains and upholds universal values such as freedom, democracy, respect for fundamental human rights, and the rule of law. As one of the most mature and stable advanced democratic countries in the world, even amidst a complex and severe security environment, Japan will strive to maintain and uphold universal values and principles in cooperation with other countries, and lead the international community by example. |
２ 自由、民主主義、基本的人権の尊重、法の支配といった普遍的価値を維持・擁護する形で、安全保障政策を遂行する。そして、戦後最も厳しく複雑な安全保障環境の中においても、世界的に最も成熟し安定した先進民主主義国の一つとして、普遍的価値・原則の維持・擁護を各国と協力する形で実現することに取り組み、国際社会が目指すべき範を示す。 |
| 3. As a peace-loving nation, Japan will adhere to the basic policy of maintaining an exclusively national defense-oriented policy, not becoming a military power that poses a threat to other countries, and observing the Three Non-Nuclear Principles. |
３ 平和国家として、専守防衛に徹し、他国に脅威を与えるような軍事大国とはならず、非核三原則を堅持するとの基本方針は今後も変わらない。 |
| 4. The Japan-U.S. Alliance, including the provision of extended deterrence, will remain the cornerstone of Japan's national security policy. |
４ 拡大抑止の提供を含む日米同盟は、我が国の安全保障政策の基軸であり続ける。 |
| 5. Japan will attach importance to coexistence and coprosperity alongside other countries, cooperation with like-minded countries, and multilateral cooperation. |
５ 我が国と他国との共存共栄、同志国との連携、多国間の協力を重視する。 |
| IV Security Environment Surrounding Japan and Japan’s National Security Challenges |
Ⅳ 我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境と我が国の安全保障上の課題 |
| In defining its national security objectives, the security environment surrounding Japan and its national security challenges are listed below. |
我が国の安全保障上の目標を定めるに当たり、我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境と我が国の安全保障上の課題を以下に示す。 |
| 1. Global Security Environment and Challenges |
１ グローバルな安全保障環境と課題 |
| (1) Since the formation of the previous National Security Strategy in 2013, the international community has consistently gone through rapid changes, in conjunction with the center of gravity of global power shifting to the IndoPacific region, where Japan is situated. These changes are likely to carry on over the medium-to-long term and to have historical consequences that will transform the nature of the international community. |
⑴ 2013 年の国家安全保障戦略の策定以降も、グローバルなパワーの重心が、我が国が位置するインド太平洋地域に移る形で、国際社会は急速に変化し続けている。この変化は中長期的に続き、国際社会の在り様を変えるほどの歴史的な影響を与えるものとなる可能性が高い。 |
| (2) Many opportunities and benefits are presented worldwide such as economic development, technological innovation, people-to-people exchanges, and the creation of new cultures. At the same time, however, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the United States, Japan's ally with the world's greatest comprehensive power, and international frameworks such as the G7 to manage risks in the international community and to maintain and develop a free and open international order. The United Nations, which should embody the will of the international community at large, has experienced a round of confrontation and thus has not fully lived up to fulfilling its functions. This is largely due to the fact that nations, not sharing universal values, or political and economic systems based on such values in common, are expanding their influences, thereby manifesting risks around the globe. Specifically, some states, which do not exclude the policy of increasing their own national interests at the expense of others, are expanding their influence through both military and non-military means, attempting to unilaterally change the status quo, and accelerating actions to challenge the international order. Such moves have sharpened competition and confrontation among states in wide-ranging areas, including military, diplomatic, economic, and technological fields, and have shaken the foundation of the international order. As a result, the current international security environment has become complex and severe, one where inter-state relations and interests of each and every nation are intertwined with each other in a mosaic-like manner. |
⑵ 国際社会においては、経済発展、技術革新、人的交流、新たな文化の創出等の多くの機会と恩恵がもたらされている。しかし、同時に、我が国の同盟国であり世界最大の総合的な国力を有する米国や、Ｇ７等の国際的な枠組みが、国際社会におけるリスクを管理し、自由で開かれた国際秩序を維持・発展させることは、ますます難しくなってきている。国際社会全体の意思を具現すべき国連では、対立が目立ち、その機能が十分に果たせていない。これは、普遍的価値やそれに基づく政治・経済体制を共有しない国家が勢力を拡大し、国際社会におけるリスクが顕在化していることが大きな要因である。具体的には、他国の国益を減ずる形で自国の国益を増大させることも排除しない一部の国家が、軍事的・非軍事的な力を通じて、自国の勢力を拡大し、一方的な現状変更を試み、国際秩序に挑戦する動きを加速させている。このような動きが、軍事、外交、経済、技術等の幅広い分野での国家間の競争や対立を先鋭化させ、国際秩序の根幹を揺るがしている。その結果、現在の国際的な安全保障環境は、国家間の関係や利害がモザイクのように入り組む、複雑で厳しいものとなっている。 |
| (3) The following are prominent examples of the complexity and severity of the current international security environment. |
⑶ 以下に、こうした現在の国際的な安全保障環境の複雑さ、厳しさを表す顕著な例を挙げる。 |
| (i) Unilateral changes to the status quo by force and such attempts against the territorial sovereignty and others of other nations are taking place, combined with military and non-military means. In particular, Russia's aggression against Ukraine constitutes a serious violation of international law prohibiting the use of force, and shakes the very foundation of the international order. |
ア 他国の領域主権等に対して、軍事的及び非軍事的な手段を組み合わせる形で、力による一方的な現状変更及びその試みがなされている。特に、ロシアによるウクライナ侵略は、武力の行使を禁ずる国際法の深刻な違反であり、国際秩序の根幹を揺るがすものである。 |
| (ii) In cyber, maritime, space, and electromagnetic domains, and other areas, the risks that impede free access to and utilization of these areas are becoming increasingly serious. In particular, the threat of cyberattacks, in which the risk of exposure is relatively low and attackers have an advantage, is growing rapidly. Cyberattacks have been used constantly to disable or destroy critical infrastructures, interfere in foreign elections, demand ransoms, and steal sensitive information, even in the form of state-sponsored cyberattacks. It is highly likely that hybrid warfare, combining military and non-military means to achieve military objectives such as information warfare which utilizes the spread of disinformation prior to an armed attack, will be conducted in an even more sophisticated form in the time ahead. |
イ サイバー空間、海洋、宇宙空間、電磁波領域等において、自由なアクセスやその活用を妨げるリスクが深刻化している。特に、相対的に露見するリスクが低く、攻撃者側が優位にあるサイバー攻撃の脅威は急速に高まっている。サイバー攻撃による重要インフラの機能停止や破壊、他国の選挙への干渉、身代金の要求、機微情報の窃取等は、国家を背景とした形でも平素から行われている。そして、武力攻撃の前から偽情報の拡散等を通じた情報戦が展開されるなど、軍事目的遂行のために軍事的な手段と非軍事的な手段を組み合わせるハイブリッド戦が、今後更に洗練された形で実施される可能性が高い。 |
| (iii) Addressing those issues not necessarily deemed as security targets in the past, such as supply chain vulnerabilities, increasing threats to critical infrastructures, and leadership struggles over advanced technologies, has also become a major security challenge. As a result, the scope of security has expanded to include the economic sector, making economic measures even more necessary to ensure security. |
ウ サプライチェーンの脆弱性、重要インフラへの脅威の増大、先端技術をめぐる主導権争い等、従来必ずしも安全保障の対象と認識されていなかった課題への対応も、安全保障上の主要な課題となってきている。その結果、安全保障の対象が経済分野にまで拡大し、安全保障の確保のために経済的手段が一層必要とされている。 |
| (iv) In the field of international trade and economic cooperation, which in principle should be mutually beneficial, some nations are trying to expand their own influence by economically coercing other nations through such means as restricting the exports of mineral resources, food, and industrial and medical supplies, as well as providing loans to other nations in a manner that ignores their debt sustainability. |
エ 本来、相互互恵的であるべき国際貿易、経済協力の分野において、一部の国家が、鉱物資源、食料、産業・医療用の物資等の輸出制限、他国の債務持続性を無視した形での借款の供与等を行うことで、他国に経済的な威圧を加え、自国の勢力拡大を図っている。 |
| (v) As major nations increase competition in advanced technology research and the use of its outcomes for security and other purposes, some nations are illegally stealing information related to advanced technologies developed by private companies, universities, and other organizations in other countries and using it for their own military purposes. |
オ 先端技術研究とその成果の安全保障目的の活用等について、主要国が競争を激化させる中で、一部の国家が、他国の民間企業や大学等が開発した先端技術に関する情報を不法に窃取した上で、自国の軍事目的に活用している。 |
| (vi) Due to the changing power balances and diversifying values around the world, strong leadership is being lost in the global governance structure at large. As a result, the international community is presented with greater difficulties to rally together in taking on common challenges such as climate change, free trade, arms control, disarmament, non-proliferation, terrorism, global health including measures against infectious diseases, and food and energy issues. In addition, vulnerable countries in the Middle East, Africa, and the Pacific Islands are disproportionally suffering large damages from extreme weather and reduction of land area due to climate change, the global spread of infectious diseases, and shortages of food and energy. |
カ 国際社会におけるパワーバランスの変化や価値観の多様化により、国際社会全体の統治構造において強力な指導力が失われつつある。その結果、気候変動、自由貿易、軍備管理・軍縮・不拡散、テロ、感染症対策を含む国際保健、食料、エネルギー等の国際社会共通の課題への対応において、国際社会が団結しづらくなっている。また、中東、アフリカ、太平洋島嶼部の脆弱な国が、例えば、気候変動がもたらす異常気象・国土面積の減少、感染症の世界的な拡大、食料・エネルギー不足等により、相対的に大きな被害を被っている。 |
| 2. Security Environment and Challenges in the Indo-Pacific Region |
２ インド太平洋地域における安全保障環境と課題 |
| The global security environment and challenges articulated above are particularly prominent in the Indo-Pacific region, where Japan is situated, and its severity may be on the rise in the future. In this regard, the security environment and challenges in the IndoPacific region, including notable trends of countries and regions in particular, are as follows. |
上記のグローバルな安全保障環境と課題は、我が国が位置するインド太平洋地域で特に際立っており、将来、更に深刻さを増す可能性がある。これを踏まえ、インド太平洋地域における安全保障環境と課題、特に注目すべき国・地域の動向を以下に示す。 |
| (1) Overview of Security in the Indo-Pacific Region |
⑴ インド太平洋地域における安全保障の概観 |
| The Indo-Pacific region is the core of global vitality, home to more than half of the world's population. The dynamism of the intersection of the Pacific and the Indian Oceans is a growth engine for the global economy. Japan, situated in this region, is well positioned to benefit from this. |
インド太平洋地域は、世界人口の半数以上を擁する世界の活力の中核であり、太平洋とインド洋の交わりによるダイナミズムは世界経済の成長エンジンとなっている。この地域にある我が国は、その恩恵を受けやすい位置にある。 |
| At the same time, the Indo-Pacific region faces a host of security challenges. For example, several nations and regions that possess large military forces, including nuclear weapons, do not share universal values, nor political and economic systems based on such universal values. There exists a complex intertwining of diplomatic and other relations based on historical backgrounds. In addition, Japan faces threats and challenges of various types and intensities, such as unilateral changes to the status quo and such attempts in the East and South China Seas and other areas, piracy, terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and natural disasters. |
同時に、インド太平洋地域は安全保障上の課題が多い地域でもある。例えば、核兵器を含む大規模な軍事力を有し、普遍的価値やそれに基づく政治・経済体制を共有しない国家や地域が複数存在する。さらには、歴史的な経緯を背景とする外交関係等が複雑に絡み合っている。また、東シナ海、南シナ海等における領域に関する一方的な現状変更及びその試み、海賊、テロ、大量破壊兵器の拡散、自然災害等の様々な種類と烈度の脅威や課題が存在する。 |
| Guided by the vision of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (hereinafter referred to as "FOIP"), in the Indo-Pacific region, Japan has the vital importance of striving to realize a free and open international order based on the rule of law and securing regional peace and stability in cooperation with its ally, like-minded countries and others. |
このようなインド太平洋地域において、我が国が、自由で開かれたインド太平洋（以下「ＦＯＩＰ」という。）というビジョンの下、同盟国・同志国等と連携し、法の支配に基づく自由で開かれた国際秩序を実現し、地域の平和と安定を確保していくことは、我が国の安全保障にとって死活的に重要である。 |
| (2) China’s Activities in the Area of Security |
⑵ 中国の安全保障上の動向 |
| China has set clear goals to achieve "the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation," the full completion of "building China into a great modern socialist country" by the middle of this century, and the prompt buildup of the People's Liberation Army to be elevated to "world-class standards." Under these national goals, China has been increasing its defense expenditures at a continuously high level and extensively and rapidly enhancing its military power, including its nuclear and missile capabilities, without sufficient transparency. |
中国は、「中華民族の偉大な復興」、今世紀半ばまでの「社会主義現代化強国」の全面的完成、早期に人民解放軍を「世界一流の軍隊」に築き上げることを明確な目標としている。中国は、このような国家目標の下、国防費を継続的に高い水準で増加させ、十分な透明性を欠いたまま、核・ミサイル戦力を含む軍事力を広範かつ急速に増強している。 |
| In addition, China has intensified its attempts to unilaterally change the status quo by force in the maritime and air domains including in the East and South China Seas, such as its intrusions into the territorial waters and airspace around the Senkaku Islands, and has expanded and intensified its military activities that affect Japan’s national security in the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean, and other areas as well. Furthermore, China is strengthening its strategic ties with Russia and attempting to challenge the international order. |
また、中国は、我が国の尖閣諸島周辺における領海侵入や領空侵犯を含め、東シナ海、南シナ海等における海空域において、力による一方的な現状変更の試みを強化し、日本海、太平洋等でも、我が国の安全保障に影響を及ぼす軍事活動を拡大・活発化させている。さらに、中国は、ロシアとの戦略的な連携を強化し、国際秩序への挑戦を試みている。 |
| The international community strongly urges China, the second largest economy in the world and one of the major countries leading today’s global economy, to make further efforts to address global issues, including climate change, in a manner befitting its international influence. Yet, China does not participate in international frameworks in which other major official creditor nations take part in together, and its development finance and other related activities lack adequate transparency. In addition, China is redoubling its strategic efforts to establish its security in the economic field, and there have been instances of China taking advantage of other countries' dependence on China to exert economic pressure on other countries. |
中国は、世界第二位の経済力を有し、世界経済を牽引する国としても、また、気候変動を含む地球規模課題についても、その国際的な影響力にふさわしい更なる取組が国際社会から強く求められている。しかし、中国は、主要な公的債権国が等しく参加する国際的な枠組み等にも参加しておらず、開発金融等に関連する活動の実態も十分な透明性を欠いている。また、経済面での安全を確立すべく、戦略的な取組を強化しており、他国の中国への依存を利用して、相手国に経済的な威圧を加える事例も起きている。 |
| While maintaining its policy of peaceful reunification of Taiwan, China has not denied the possibility of using military force. In addition, China has been intensifying its military activities in the sea and airspace surrounding Taiwan, including the launch of ballistic missiles into the waters around Japan. Regarding peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, concerns are mounting rapidly, not only in the Indo-Pacific region including Japan, but also in the entire international community. |
中国は、台湾について平和的統一の方針は堅持しつつも、武力行使の可能性を否定していない。さらに、中国は我が国近海への弾道ミサイル発射を含め台湾周辺海空域において軍事活動を活発化させており、台湾海峡の平和と安定については、我が国を含むインド太平洋地域のみならず、国際社会全体において急速に懸念が高まっている。 |
| It is expected that China contributes, together with Japan, to the peace and stability of the international community including the Indo-Pacific region, through building constructive relations with the international community via communications at various levels including at the summit level as well as repeating dialogue and cooperation with the international community, including Japan. |
中国が、首脳レベルを含む様々なレベルでの意思疎通を通じて、国際社会と建設的な関係を構築すること、また、我が国を含む国際社会との対話と協力を重ねること等により、我が国と共にインド太平洋地域を含む国際社会の平和と安定に貢献することが期待されている。 |
| However, China's current external stance, military activities, and other activities have become a matter of serious concern for Japan and the international community, and present an unprecedented and the greatest strategic challenge in ensuring the peace and security of Japan and the peace and stability of the international community, as well as in strengthening the international order based on the rule of law, to which Japan should respond with its comprehensive national power and in cooperation with its ally, like-minded countries and others. |
しかしながら、現在の中国の対外的な姿勢や軍事動向等は、我が国と国際社会の深刻な懸念事項であり、我が国の平和と安全及び国際社会の平和と安定を確保し、法の支配に基づく国際秩序を強化する上で、これまでにない最大の戦略的な挑戦であり、我が国の総合的な国力と同盟国・同志国等との連携により対応すべきものである。 |
| (3) North Korea’s Activities in the Area of Security |
⑶ 北朝鮮の安全保障上の動向 |
| In the Korean Peninsula, the large-scale military forces of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and North Korea are in confrontation with one another. North Korea has not carried out the dismantlement of all weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles of all ranges in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner, in accordance with a series of relevant UN Security Council resolutions. While facing serious economic difficulties without any improvement in its human rights situation to date, North Korea continues to heavily allocate its resources to military affairs. |
朝鮮半島においては、韓国と北朝鮮双方の大規模な軍事力が対峙している。北朝鮮は、累次の国連安保理決議に従った、全ての大量破壊兵器及びあらゆる射程の弾道ミサイルの完全な、検証可能な、かつ、不可逆的な方法での廃棄を依然として行っていない。現在も深刻な経済的困難に直面しており、人権状況も全く改善しない一方で、軍事面に資源を重点的に配分し続けている。 |
| In recent years, North Korea has repeatedly launched ballistic missiles with an unprecedented frequency and in new ways, rapidly enhancing its capabilities. In particular, North Korea is making rapid progress in its missile-related technologies and operational capabilities, exemplified by its launching of Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)-class ballistic missiles with a range covering the U.S. mainland, launching missiles in new ways including missiles flying with irregular trajectories, and launching missiles from various platforms such as TransporterErector-Launcher (TEL), submarines, and trains.Furthermore, North Korea intends to bolster its nuclear capabilities both in quality and in quantity at the maximum speed. When considered together with its rapid development of missile-related technologies, North Korea's military activities pose an even more grave and imminent threat to Japan's national security than ever before. |
北朝鮮は、近年、かつてない高い頻度で、新たな態様での弾道ミサイルの発射等を繰り返し、急速にその能力を増強している。特に、米国本土を射程に含む大陸間弾道ミサイル（ＩＣＢＭ）級弾道ミサイルの発射、変則軌道で飛翔するミサイルを含む新たな態様での発射、発射台付き車両（ＴＥＬ）・潜水艦・鉄道といった様々なプラットフォームからの発射等により、ミサイル関連技術及び運用能力は急速に進展している。さらに、北朝鮮は、核戦力を質的・量的に最大限のスピードで強化する方針であり、ミサイル関連技術等の急速な発展と合わせて考えれば、北朝鮮の軍事動向は、我が国の安全保障にとって、従前よりも一層重大かつ差し迫った脅威となっている。 |
| The issue of abductions by North Korea is a critical issue concerning the sovereignty of Japan and the lives and safety of Japanese citizens. It is an urgent issue for the Government to resolve under its responsibility. It is also a universal issue for the international community to take on as a violation of basic human rights. |
北朝鮮による拉致問題は、我が国の主権と国民の生命・安全に関わる重大な問題であり、国の責任において解決すべき喫緊の課題である。また、基本的人権の侵害という国際社会の普遍的問題である。 |
| (4) Russia’s Activities in the Area of Security |
⑷ ロシアの安全保障上の動向 |
| Russia's aggression against Ukraine and its other actions clearly demonstrate that it does not hesitate to resort to military forces to achieve its own security objectives. In addition, Russia continues to repeat words and actions that could be interpreted as threats to use of nuclear weapons. |
ロシアによるウクライナ侵略等、ロシアの自国の安全保障上の目的達成のために軍事力に訴えることを辞さない姿勢は顕著である。また、ロシアは核兵器による威嚇ともとれる言動を繰り返している。 |
| Russia is accelerating its military activities in the vicinity of Japan. Russia is also strengthening its armaments in the Northern Territories, which is an inherent territory of Japan. This is presumably due to the background that the Sea of Okhotsk plays as an area of activity for strategic nuclear submarines, an important part in Russia's strategic nuclear forces. |
ロシアは、我が国周辺における軍事活動を活発化させている。我が国固有の領土である北方領土でもロシアは軍備を強化しているが、これは、特にオホーツク海がロシアの戦略核戦力の一翼を担う戦略原子力潜水艦の活動領域であることが、その背景にあるとみられる。 |
| Furthermore, Russia has been doubling down on strategic coordination with China. In particular, in recent years, these two countries have ramped up their military coordination by continuing to conduct joint exercises and drills, such as joint navigation by their naval vessels and joint flights of their bombers in the vicinity of Japan. |
さらに、ロシアは、中国との間で、戦略的な連携を強化してきている。特に、近年は、我が国周辺での中露両国の艦艇による共同航行や爆撃機による共同飛行等の共同演習・訓練を継続的に実施するなど、軍事面での連携が強化されている。 |
| By its recent aggression against Ukraine and others, Russia's external and military activities and others have shaken the very foundation of the international order, and are perceived as the most significant and direct threat to security in the European region. In addition, Russia's external and military activities and others in the IndoPacific region, including Japan, together with its strategic coordination with China, are of strong security concern. |
ロシアの対外的な活動、軍事動向等は、今回のウクライナ侵略等によって、国際秩序の根幹を揺るがし、欧州方面においては安全保障上の最も重大かつ直接の脅威と受け止められている。また、我が国を含むインド太平洋地域におけるロシアの対外的な活動、軍事動向等は、中国との戦略的な連携と相まって、安全保障上の強い懸念である。 |
| V National Security Objectives of Japan |
Ⅴ 我が国の安全保障上の目標 |
| The following are the national security objectives of Japan to ensure its national interests in the face of the above-mentioned national security challenges. These objectives are grounded in the fundamental principles of Japan’s national security as outlined in III. |
以上のような我が国の安全保障上の課題が存在する中で、我が国が国益を確保できるようにするための我が国の安全保障上の目標を以下に示す。この目標は、上記Ⅲで示した我が国の安全保障に関する基本的な原則を踏まえたものである。 |
| 1. Japan will continue to be a nation capable of protecting its sovereignty and independence, autonomously determining its domestic and foreign policies, and defending its territory and the safety of life, person, and the properties of its nationals. To this end, Japan will reinforce its own capabilities and roles, and together with its ally, the United States, and like-minded countries and others, deter contingencies and attempts to unilaterally change the status quo in Japan and its vicinity. If by any chance a threat should reach Japan, Japan will disrupt and defeat the threat and minimize the damage caused, and bring it to an end in a manner favorable to protecting its national interests. |
１ 我が国の主権と独立を維持し、我が国が国内・外交に関する政策を自主的に決定できる国であり続け、我が国の領域、国民の生命・身体・財産を守る。そのために、我が国自身の能力と役割を強化し、同盟国である米国や同志国等と共に、我が国及びその周辺における有事、一方的な現状変更の試み等の発生を抑止する。万が一、我が国に脅威が及ぶ場合も、これを阻止・排除し、かつ被害を最小化させつつ、我が国の国益を守る上で有利な形で終結させる。 |
| 2. Japan will proactively ensure, through executing its security policy, an international environment in which its own economy can grow. By doing so, Japan will work to achieve a virtuous cycle of security and economic growth, in which economic growth promotes the improvement of the security environment surrounding Japan. Concurrently, Japan will ensure the self-reliance of its economic structure, as well as advantages over other countries and ultimately the indispensability of its technologies. |
２ 安全保障政策の遂行を通じて、我が国の経済が成長できる国際環境を主体的に確保する。それにより、我が国の経済成長が我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境の改善を促すという、安全保障と経済成長の好循環を実現する。その際、我が国の経済構造の自律性、技術等の他国に対する優位性、ひいては不可欠性を確保する。 |
| 3. As a major global actor, Japan will join together with its ally, like-minded countries and others to achieve a new balance in international relations, especially in the IndoPacific region. In so doing, Japan will prevent the emergence of situations in which any one state can unilaterally change the status quo easily, and redouble efforts to secure a stable, predictable, free and open international order based on the rule of law. |
３ 国際社会の主要なアクターとして、同盟国・同志国等と連携し、国際関係における新たな均衡を、特にインド太平洋地域において実現する。それにより、特定の国家が一方的な現状変更を容易に行い得る状況となることを防ぎ、安定的で予見可能性が高く、法の支配に基づく自由で開かれた国際秩序を強化する。 |
| 4. Japan will work on multilateral cooperation in the fields of international economy, response to global issues such as climate change and infectious diseases, and the formation of international rules and regulations, and then generate an environment in which the international community can coexist and coprosper. |
４ 国際経済や、気候変動、感染症等の地球規模課題への対応、国際的なルールの形成等の分野において、多国間の協力を進め、国際社会が共存共栄できる環境を実現する。 |
| VI Strategic Approaches Prioritized by Japan |
Ⅵ 我が国が優先する戦略的なアプローチ |
| Japan will implement strategic approaches to achieve its national security objectives, harnessing its comprehensive national power as an integrated and efficient means. |
我が国は、我が国の安全保障上の目標を達成するために、我が国の総合的な国力をその手段として有機的かつ効率的に用いて、戦略的なアプローチを実施する。 |
| 1. Main Elements of Comprehensive National Power for Japan’s National Security |
１ 我が国の安全保障に関わる総合的な国力の主な要素 |
| (1) First is diplomatic capabilities. The basis of national security is to proactively create a peaceful, stable, and highly predictable international environment based on the rule of law and to prevent the emergence of threats. Over the years, Japan has devoted itself to diplomatic undertakings and international cooperation to promote peace, stability, and prosperity worldwide. Rooted in these traditions and experiences, and guided by significantly enhanced diplomatic implementation architecture, Japan will continue to nurture relations of trust with many countries, engage in diplomatic efforts to gain understanding and support for its country's position, and carry forward international cooperation with the aim of pursuing coexistence and coprosperity with other countries. |
⑴ 第一に外交力である。国家安全保障の基本は、法の支配に基づき、平和で安定し、かつ予見可能性が高い国際環境を能動的に創出し、脅威の出現を未然に防ぐことにある。我が国は、長年にわたり、国際社会の平和と安定、繁栄のための外交活動や国際協力を行ってきた。その伝統と経験に基づき、大幅に強化される外交の実施体制の下、今後も、多くの国と信頼関係を築き、我が国の立場への理解と支持を集める外交活動や他国との共存共栄のための国際協力を展開する。 |
| (2) Second is defense capabilities. These capabilities are the last guarantee of Japan’s national security and embody the will and ability to resolutely defend our nation. In light of the current reality of the world, this function cannot be replaced by any other means. By means of defense capabilities, Japan will deter threats from reaching it, and if threats are indeed posed to Japan, it will disrupt and defeat them. In addition, fundamentally reinforced defense capabilities will bolster the solid footing of our diplomacy for proactively fostering a desirable security environment for Japan. |
⑵ 第二に防衛力である。防衛力は、我が国の安全保障を確保するための最終的な担保であり、我が国を守り抜く意思と能力を表すものである。国際社会の現実を見れば、この機能は他の手段では代替できない。防衛力により、我が国に脅威が及ぶことを抑止し、仮に我が国に脅威が及ぶ場合にはこれを阻止し、排除する。そして、抜本的に強化される防衛力は、我が国に望ましい安全保障環境を能動的に創出するための外交の地歩を固めるものとなる。 |
| (3) Third is economic capabilities. Economic capabilities are the foundation of policies to achieve a peaceful and stable security environment. As the world's third largest economy and a major player in shouldering an open and stable international economic order, Japan will undertake free and fair trade and investment activities. In addition, Japan will provide high value-added goods and services that are indispensable to the global supply chain to accomplish its economic growth. |
⑶ 第三に経済力である。経済力は、平和で安定した安全保障環境を実現するための政策の土台となる。我が国は、世界第三位の経済大国であり、開かれ安定した国際経済秩序の主要な担い手として、自由で公正な貿易・投資活動を行う。また、グローバル・サプライチェーンに不可欠な高付加価値のモノとサービスを提供し、我が国の経済成長を実現していく。 |
| (4) Fourth is technological capabilities. The creation of science, technology, and innovation is the source of Japan’s own economic and social development. In addition, the appropriate use of technological capabilities plays a crucial role in improving Japan’s national security environment and is also indispensable in addressing global issues such as climate change. Japan will actively capitalize on its advanced technological capabilities, developed over the years in the public and private sectors in the field of national security,, without being bound by its conventional way of thinking. |
⑷ 第四に技術力である。科学技術とイノベーションの創出は、我が国の経済的・社会的発展をもたらす源泉である。そして、技術力の適切な活用は、我が国の安全保障環境の改善に重要な役割を果たし、気候変動等の地球規模課題への対応にも不可欠である。我が国が長年にわたり培ってきた官民の高い技術力を、従来の考え方にとらわれず、安全保障分野に積極的に活用していく。 |
| (5) Fifth is intelligence capabilities. In a rapidly and complexly changing security environment, the collection and analysis of high-quality and timely information is essential for the Government to make accurate decisions. To this end, under close cooperation between the policy and intelligence departments, and through comprehensive analyses utilizing all means of collection and sources of information possessed by the Government, information on national security should be obtained as early and accurately as possible, and shared and utilized within and outside the Government. In addition, the Government and the private sector will work on information security to prevent leakage of critical information on its national security. |
⑸ 第五に情報力である。急速かつ複雑に変化する安全保障環境において、政府が的確な意思決定を行うには、質が高く時宜に適った情報収集・分析が不可欠である。そのために、政策部門と情報部門との緊密な連携の下、政府が保有するあらゆる情報収集の手段と情報源を活用した総合的な分析により、安全保障に関する情報を可能な限り早期かつ正確に把握し、政府内外での共有と活用を図る。また、我が国の安全保障上の重要な情報の漏洩を防ぐために、官民の情報保全に取り組む。 |
| 2. Strategic Approaches and Major Ways and Means |
２ 戦略的なアプローチとそれを構成する主な方策 |
| (1) Develop Efforts Centered on Diplomacy to Prevent Crises, Proactively Create a Peaceful and Stable International Environment, and Strengthen a Free and Open International Order (i) Strengthen the Japan-U.S. Alliance |
⑴ 危機を未然に防ぎ、平和で安定した国際環境を能動的に創出し、自由で開かれた国際秩序を強化するための外交を中心とした取組の展開ア 日米同盟の強化 |
| The Japan-U.S. Alliance, with the Japan-U.S. security arrangements at its core, plays an indispensable role not only for the security of Japan but also for the realization of peace and stability in the international community, including in the Indo-Pacific region. In particular, for the U.S. commitment to the region to be maintained and strengthened, deepened cooperation between Japan and the U.S. at a concrete level in the Indo-Pacific region is of vital importance. Bearing these considerations in mind, Japan, while ensuring the bilateral coordination at its strategic levels, will work in coordination with the United States to strengthen the Japan-U.S. Alliance in all areas, including diplomacy, defense, and economy. |
日米安全保障体制を中核とする日米同盟は、我が国の安全保障のみならず、インド太平洋地域を含む国際社会の平和と安定の実現に不可欠な役割を果たす。特に、インド太平洋地域において日米の協力を具体的に深化させることが、米国のこの地域へのコミットメントを維持・強化する上でも死活的に重要である。これらのことも念頭に、日米の戦略レベルで連携を図り、米国と共に、外交、防衛、経済等のあらゆる分野において、日米同盟を強化していく。 |
| (ii) Maintain and Develop a Free and Open International Order and Strengthen Ties with its Ally, Like-minded Countries and Others |
イ 自由で開かれた国際秩序の維持・発展と同盟国・同志国等との連携の強化 |
| As a nation in the Indo-Pacific region, Japan will further promote efforts to realize a FOIP by deepening cooperation with like-minded countries through the Japan-U.S. Alliance as a cornerstone and through efforts such as the Japan-U.S.-Australia-India (Quad) partnership. To this end, Japan will strive to make the vision of a FOIP more universal around the world, create rules to expand the free and fair economic zone, improve connectivity, empower governance of countries and international organizations, and expand efforts to ensure maritime security. |
我が国は、インド太平洋地域に位置する国家として、日米同盟を基軸としつつ、日米豪印（クアッド）等の取組を通じて、同志国との協力を深化し、ＦＯＩＰの実現に向けた取組を更に進める。そのために、ＦＯＩＰというビジョンの国際社会における更なる普遍化、自由で公正な経済圏を広げるためのルール作り、連結性の向上、各国・国際機関のガバナンスの強化、海洋安全保障の確保等の取組を拡充していく。 |
| Japan will also further enhance diplomatic engagement with developing countries, which are economically growing and becoming more influential in the international arena. By doing so, Japan, together with as many countries as possible, will strengthen a free and open international order based on the rule of law. |
また、経済的にも発展し、国際社会における影響力が高まっている途上国等への外交的な関与を更に強化する。そのことにより、できるだけ多くの国と共に、法の支配に基づく自由で開かれた国際秩序を強化する。 |
| Furthermore, Japan will build a multilayered network among its ally and like-minded countries, expand it, and strengthen deterrence. Thus, while utilizing frameworks such as the Japan-U.S.-ROK, and Japan-U.S.-Australia, Japan will enhance security cooperation with Australia, India, the ROK, European countries, ASEAN countries, Canada, NATO, EU, and others. Specifically, Japan will promote enhanced engagement with like-minded countries and others in the Indo-Pacific region through bilateral and multilateral dialogues, bilateral training and exercises, conclusions of information protection agreements, Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA), Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA), joint development of defense equipment, transfer of defense equipment and technology, capacity building support, strategic communication, and Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO). |
さらに、同盟国・同志国間のネットワークを重層的に構築するとともに、それを拡大し、抑止力を強化していく。そのために、日米韓、日米豪等の枠組みを活用しつつ、オーストラリア、インド、韓国、欧州諸国､東南アジア諸国連合（ＡＳＥＡＮ）諸国、カナダ、北大西洋条約機構（ＮＡＴＯ）、欧州連合（ＥＵ）等との安全保障上の協力を強化する。具体的には、二国間・多国間の対話を通じた同志国等のインド太平洋地域への関与の強化の促進、共同訓練、情報保護協定・物品役務相互提供協定（ＡＣＳＡ）・円滑化協定（ＲＡＡ）の締結、防衛装備品の共同開発、防衛装備品の移転、能力構築支援、戦略的コミュニケーション、柔軟に選択される抑止措置（ＦＤＯ）等の取組を進める。 |
| (iii) Strengthen Diplomacy with Japan's Neighboring Countries and Regions as well as Efforts toward Resolution of Various Issues of Concern, including Territorial Issues |
ウ 我が国周辺国・地域との外交、領土問題を含む諸懸案の解決に向けた取組の強化 |
| Both Japan and China have important responsibilities for the peace and prosperity of the region and the international community. Japan will build a “constructive and stable relationship” with China through communication at various levels, in which Japan asserts its position and calls for responsible actions, while continuing dialogue including on issues of concern and cooperation on matters of common interests. This is essential for peace and stability in the international community, including in the IndoPacific region. |
日中両国は、地域と国際社会の平和と繁栄にとって、共に重要な責任を有する。我が国は、中国との間で、様々なレベルの意思疎通を通じて、主張すべきは主張し、責任ある行動を求めつつ、諸懸案も含め対話をしっかりと重ね、共通の課題については協力をしていくとの「建設的かつ安定的な関係」を構築していく。このことは、インド太平洋地域を含む国際社会の平和と安定にとって不可欠である。 |
| Japan will strongly oppose China's growing attempts to unilaterally change the status quo by force, demand it to not conduct such activities, and respond in a calm and resolute manner. Additionally, with regard to China's rapid strengthening of its military capabilities and expansion of military activities, Japan will strongly encourage China to improve transparency and to cooperate constructively with international efforts for arms control, disarmament and other such efforts, in cooperation with its ally, likeminded countries and others. Furthermore, in order to nurture a relationship of trust, Japan will enhance communication with China in the security field. Japan will also promote efforts, including the establishment of a framework for avoiding and preventing the occurrence of unforeseen situations with China. |
中国が力による一方的な現状変更の試みを拡大していることについては、これに強く反対し、そのような行為を行わないことを強く求め、冷静かつ毅然として対応する。また、中国の急速な軍事力の強化及び軍事活動の拡大に関しては、透明性等を向上させるとともに、国際的な軍備管理・軍縮等の努力に建設的な協力を行うよう同盟国・同志国等と連携し、強く働きかける。そして、日中間の信頼の醸成のため、中国との安全保障面における意思疎通を強化する。加えて、中国との間における不測の事態の発生を回避・防止するための枠組みの構築を含む日中間の取組を進める。 |
| At the same time, based on the recognition that it is possible to cooperate with China in the fields of economy and people-to-people exchange in a mutually beneficial way, Japan will develop appropriate economic relations in a manner that contributes to Japan’s economic development and economic security, and revitalize people to people exchanges with China. In addition, in cooperation with its ally and like-minded countries as well as with international organizations and others, Japan will cooperate with China in areas that need to be tackled together such as global issues, while encouraging China to comply with international rules and standards, increase its own transparency and predictability, and play a responsible and constructive role commensurate with its international influence. |
同時に、経済、人的交流等の分野において日中双方の利益となる形での協力は可能であり、我が国経済の発展と経済安全保障に資する形で、中国との適切な経済関係を構築しつつ、両国の人的交流を再活性化していく。また、同盟国・同志国や国際機関等と連携し、中国が、国際的なルール・基準を遵守し、自国の透明性と予見可能性を高め、地球規模課題等について協力すべきは協力しつつ、その国際的な影響力にふさわしい責任ある建設的な役割を果たすように促す。 |
| Japan's relationship with Taiwan has been maintained as a non-governmental working relationship based on the Japan-China Joint Communique in 1972. Japan’s basic position regarding Taiwan remains unchanged. Taiwan is an extremely important partner and a precious friend of Japan, with whom Japan shares fundamental values, including democracy, and has close economic and personal ties. Peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait is an indispensable element for the security and prosperity of the international community, and Japan will continue to make various efforts based on its position that the cross-strait issues are expected to be resolved peacefully. |
台湾との関係については、我が国は、1972 年の日中共同声明を踏まえ、非政府間の実務関係として維持してきており、台湾に関する基本的な立場に変更はない。台湾は、我が国にとって、民主主義を含む基本的な価値観を共有し、緊密な経済関係と人的往来を有する極めて重要なパートナーであり、大切な友人である。また、台湾海峡の平和と安定は、国際社会の安全と繁栄に不可欠な要素であり、両岸問題の平和的解決を期待するとの我が国の立場の下、様々な取組を継続していく。 |
| The ROK is a highly important neighboring country to Japan both in a geopolitical context and in regard to Japan's security. With the response to North Korea and other issues in mind, Japan will enhance Japan-ROK and Japan-U.S.-ROK strategic coordination, including in the area of security. To this end, Japan will communicate closely with the ROK in order to develop Japan-ROK relations based on the foundation of the friendly and cooperative relations that have developed since the normalization of diplomatic relations in 1965. Japan will also appropriately address issues of concern between the two nations, based on its consistent positions. With regard to the issue over the sovereignty of Takeshima, which is an inherent territory of Japan, Japan will make persevering diplomatic efforts, based on the principle of peaceful resolution of conflicts in accordance with international law, and responding firmly based on the consistent position of Japan. |
韓国は、地政学的にも我が国の安全保障にとっても極めて重要な隣国である。北朝鮮への対応等を念頭に、安全保障面を含め、日韓・日米韓の戦略的連携を強化していく。そのためにも、1965 年の国交正常化以来築いてきた日韓の友好協力関係の基盤に基づき日韓関係を発展させていくべく、韓国側と緊密に意思疎通を図っていく。二国間の諸懸案については、我が国の一貫した立場に基づいて然るべく対応していく。我が国固有の領土である竹島の領有権に関する問題については、我が国の一貫した立場に基づき毅然と対応しつつ、国際法にのっとり、平和的に紛争を解決するとの方針に基づき、粘り強く外交努力を行う。 |
| With regard to North Korea’s nuclear and missile development, Japan will urge North Korea to take concrete actions toward its complete denuclearization, based on the Joint Statement of the Six-Party Talks and relevant UN Security Council resolutions through strengthening regional deterrence, fully implementing sanctions against North Korea, including those based on UN Security Council resolutions, and pursuing diplomatic efforts in close coordination with the U.S. and the ROK. Concerning JapanNorth Korea relations, Japan will endeavor to achieve a comprehensive resolution of outstanding issues of concern, such as the abductions, nuclear and missile issues, in accordance with the Japan-DPRK Pyongyang Declaration. In particular, it is the basic recognition of Japan that normalization of relations with North Korea will not be possible without resolving the abductions issue, a serious humanitarian issue with a time constraint. Japan will make every effort to ensure the safety of all abductees and realize their immediate return at the earliest possible date, investigate the truth regarding the abductions, and transfer those who executed the abductions. |
北朝鮮による核・ミサイル開発に関しては、米国及び韓国と緊密に連携しつつ、地域の抑止力の強化、国連安保理決議に基づくものを含む対北朝鮮制裁の完全な履行及び外交的な取組を通じ、六者会合共同声明や国連安保理決議に基づく北朝鮮の完全な非核化に向けた具体的行動を北朝鮮に対して求めていく。また、日朝関係については、日朝平壌宣言に基づき、拉致・核・ミサイルといった諸懸案の包括的な解決に向けて取り組んでいく。とりわけ、拉致問題については、時間的な制約のある深刻な人道問題であり、この問題の解決なくして北朝鮮との国交正常化はあり得ないとの基本認識の下、一日も早い全ての拉致被害者の安全確保及び即時帰国、拉致に関する真相究明、拉致実行犯の引渡しに向けて全力を尽くす。 |
| With regard to the relations with Russia, Japan will respond in a manner that protects its own national interests in light of the severe security environment in the Indo-Pacific region. In addition, Japan will prevent Russia from taking actions that undermine the peace, stability, and prosperity of the international community, while cooperating with its ally and like-minded countries and others. As for the Northern Territories issue, which is the greatest concern regarding our diplomacy with Russia, Japan’s basic policy of concluding a peace treaty through the resolution of the territorial issue remains unchanged. |
ロシアとの関係については、インド太平洋地域の厳しい安全保障環境を踏まえ、我が国の国益を守る形で対応していく。また、同盟国・同志国等と連携しつつ、ロシアによる国際社会の平和と安定及び繁栄を損なう行動を防ぐ。対露外交上の最大の懸案である北方領土問題については、領土問題を解決して平和条約を締結するとの基本方針は不変である。 |
| (iv) Arms Control, Disarmament, and Non-proliferation |
エ 軍備管理・軍縮・不拡散 |
| Japan will further strengthen its efforts in arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation, in order to improve its security environment and realize peace and stability around the world by halting and reversing the trend of arms buildup, including nuclear weapons, in the vicinity of Japan, and to prevent the occurrence of situations such as threats of nuclear weapons. Specifically, Japan, as the only country to have ever suffered atomic bombings in war, will spearhead international efforts in realizing a "world without nuclear weapons.” Taking into account regional non-proliferation issues such as North Korea and Iran, Japan will maintain and strengthen the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime, with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) at its cornerstone, and steadily promote practical and realistic efforts while appropriately addressing present international security challenges. |
我が国周辺における核兵器を含む軍備増強の傾向を止め、これを反転させ、核兵器による威嚇等の事態の生起を防ぐことで、我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境を改善し、国際社会の平和と安定を実現する。そのために、軍備管理・軍縮・不拡散の取組を一層強化する。具体的には、唯一の戦争被爆国として、「核兵器のない世界」の実現に向けた国際的な取組を主導する。北朝鮮、イラン等の地域の不拡散問題も踏まえ、核兵器不拡散条約（ＮＰＴ）を礎石とする国際的な核軍縮・不拡散体制を維持・強化し、現実の国際的な安全保障上の課題に適切に対処しつつ、実践的・現実的な取組を着実に進める。 |
| In addition, Japan will undertake non-proliferation policy with a focus on preserving and bolstering the international export control regime to prevent the proliferation of weapons and related sensitive technologies, implementing appropriate nonproliferation measures domestically, and supporting capacity building of each country. |
また、武器や関連機微技術の拡散防止のための国際輸出管理レジームの維持・強化、我が国国内における不拡散措置の適切な実施や、各国の能力構築支援を柱として不拡散政策に取り組む。 |
| With regard to biological, chemical, and conventional weapons, Japan will actively engage in multilateral efforts and rule-making, including on the Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). |
生物兵器、化学兵器及び通常兵器についても、自律型致死兵器システム（ＬＡＷＳ）を含め、多国間での取組、ルール作り等に積極的に取り組む。 |
| (v) International Counter-Terrorism |
オ 国際テロ対策 |
| Acts of terrorism are unjustifiable regardless of their motivation and must be firmly condemned. Japan will take a firm position against them and take counter-terrorism measures in coordination with the international community. In this regard, Japan will promote measures against international terrorism and take thorough steps to ensure the security of critical facilities for the livelihoods of its people such as nuclear power plants in Japan. Furthermore, Japan will build arrangements to cooperate with others such as foreign countries and corporate enterprises, including information sharing, to ensure the safety of Japanese nationals and others overseas. |
テロはいかなる理由をもってしても正当化できず、強く非難されるべきものであり、国際社会と共に、断固とした姿勢を示し、テロ対策を講じていく。具体的には、国際テロ対策を推進し、また、原子力発電所等の重要な生活関連施設の安全確保に関する我が国国内での対策を徹底する。 |
| In addition, Japan will reinforce its mechanisms and capabilities for collecting and analyzing information on the international terrorism situation. |
さらに、在外邦人等の安全を確保するための情報の共有を始め、各国、民間企業等との協力体制を構築する。また、国際テロ情勢に関する情報収集・分析の体制や能力を強化する。 |
| (vi) Climate Change Measures |
カ 気候変動対策 |
| Climate change is a security issue that affects the very existence of humankind. Extreme weather events due to climate change significantly impact Japan's national security in various ways including through more frequent and severer natural disasters, increased responses to disasters, more serious energy and food problems, a decrease in national land area, and increased use of the Arctic sea routes. |
気候変動は、人類の存在そのものに関わる安全保障上の問題であり、気候変動がもたらす異常気象は、自然災害の多発・激甚化、災害対応の増加、エネルギー・食料問題の深刻化、国土面積の減少、北極海航路の利用の増加等、我が国の安全保障に様々な形で重大な影響を及ぼす。 |
| Japan will lead the way in advancing efforts both at home and abroad with all stakeholders, including its ally and like-minded countries. Specifically, Japan will embark on initiatives toward the realization of a decarbonized society through structural transformation of the energy and industrial sectors, including maximizing the use of renewable and nuclear energies, and the creation of innovation through bold investments in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 46% from FY 2013 in FY 2030, and realize net-zero by 2050. |
同盟国・同志国を含むあらゆるステークホルダーと連携して、国内外での取組を主導していく。具体的には、2030 年度において温室効果ガスを 2013 年度から 46％削減、2050 年までのカーボンニュートラル実現に向けた、再生可能エネルギーや原子力の最大限の活用を始めとするエネルギー・産業部門の構造転換、大胆な投資によるイノベーションの創出等を通じ、脱炭素社会の実現に向けて取り組む。 |
| Japan will also stand at the forefront in galvanizing global efforts for minimizing negative impacts of climate change upon the international security environment. As part of these efforts, Japan will provide assistance to island nations and other developing countries where climate change poses imminent threats so that sustainable and resilient economies and societies can be built. |
また、気候変動が国際的な安全保障環境に与える否定的な影響を最小限のものとするよう、国際社会での取組を主導する。その一環として、気候変動問題が切迫した脅威となっている島嶼国を始めとする途上国等に対して、持続可能で強靭な経済・社会を構築するための支援を行う。 |
| (vii) Strategic Use of ODA and Other International Cooperation |
キ ＯＤＡを始めとする国際協力の戦略的な活用 |
| Guided by the vision of a FOIP, Japan will strategically utilize ODA to maintain and develop a free and open international order and to realize coexistence and coprosperity in the international community. Specifically, Japan will provide assistance to strengthen connectivity through quality infrastructure and human resource development, maritime security, the rule of law, and economic security, thereby strengthening relationships of trust and cooperation with developing countries and others. Japan will also engage with partners in the international community at large that support the vision of a FOIP. |
ＦＯＩＰというビジョンの下、自由で開かれた国際秩序を維持・発展させ、国際社会の共存共栄を実現するためにＯＤＡを戦略的に活用していく。具体的には、質の高いインフラ、人材育成等による連結性、海洋安全保障、法の支配、経済安全保障等の強化のための支援を行う。そのことにより、開発途上国等との信頼・協力関係を強化する。また、ＦＯＩＰというビジョンに賛同する幅広い国際社会のパートナーとの協力を進める。 |
| Also, under the concept of "human security," Japan will lead international efforts to solve global issues such as poverty reduction, health, climate change, environment, and humanitarian assistance. In so doing, Japan will strengthen its support for overseas operation of Japanese companies, and enhance collaboration between ODA, and other non-ODA public funds. Japan will also continue to strengthen coordination with various stakeholders including international organizations and NGOs. |
そして、人間の安全保障の考え方の下、貧困削減、保健、気候変動、環境、人道支援等の地球規模課題の解決のための国際的な取組を主導する。これらの取組を行うに当たり、我が国企業の海外展開の支援や、ＯＤＡとＯＤＡ以外の公的資金との連携等を強化する。さらに、国際機関・ＮＧＯを始めとする多様なステークホルダーとの連携を引き続き強化する。 |
| For the purpose of deepening security cooperation with like-minded countries, apart from ODA for the economic and social development of developing countries and other purposes, a new cooperation framework for the benefit of armed forces and other related organizations will be established. Japan will provide equipment and supplies as well as assistance for the development of infrastructures to like-minded countries in view of strengthening their security capacities and improving their deterrence capabilities. This is part of the efforts to reinforce the comprehensive defense architecture. |
同志国との安全保障上の協力を深化させるために、開発途上国の経済社会開発等を目的としたＯＤＡとは別に、同志国の安全保障上の能力・抑止力の向上を目的として、同志国に対して、装備品・物資の提供やインフラの整備等を行う、軍等が裨益者となる新たな協力の枠組みを設ける。これは、総合的な防衛体制の強化のための取組の一つである。 |
| (viii) Promotion of People-to-People Exchanges |
ク 人的交流等の促進 |
| The promotion of mutual understanding among people and countries is the foundation for mitigating inter-state tensions and creating peaceful and stable international relations. With a view to promoting understanding of Japan abroad and fostering an international environment in which Japan and its people are favorably regarded, Japan will engage in people-to-people and cultural exchanges. Specifically, Japan will promote exchanges at various levels and in various fields, including exchanges with government officials, intellectuals, and cultural figures from countries and regions around the world, student exchanges, youth exchanges, sports exchanges, and others. In addition, Japan will support those programs intended to introduce the rich culture of Japan and to spread the Japanese language overseas. |
人と人、国と国の相互理解の増進は、国家間の緊張を緩和し、平和で安定した国際関係を築く土台となる。海外における日本への理解を促進し、我が国と国民が好意的に受け入れられる国際環境を醸成するために、人的交流、文化交流等に取り組む。具体的には、各国・地域の政府関係者、有識者、文化人等との交流、留学生交流、青少年交流、スポーツ交流等、様々なレベル・分野での人的交流を促進する。さらに、豊かな我が国の文化の海外への紹介、海外での日本語の普及に対する支援等を行う。 |
| (2) Strengthening Japan's Defense Architecture |
⑵ 我が国の防衛体制の強化 |
| (i) Fundamentally Reinforcing Defense Capabilities as the Last Guarantee of National Security |
ア 国家安全保障の最終的な担保である防衛力の抜本的強化 |
| Across the globe, unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force are constantly taking place, and military buildups in the vicinity of Japan are rapidly expanding. The possibilities are not precluded that serious situations shaking the foundation of the international order, such as Russia's aggression against Ukraine, may occur especially in East Asia in the future. In order to respond to this security environment, Japan will fundamentally reinforce its defense capabilities. |
国際社会において、力による一方的な現状変更及びその試みが恒常的に生起し、我が国周辺における軍備増強が急速に拡大している。ロシアによるウクライナ侵略のように国際秩序の根幹を揺るがす深刻な事態が、将来、とりわけ東アジアにおいて発生することは排除されない。このような安全保障環境に対応すべく、防衛力を抜本的に強化していく。 |
| It is difficult to accurately predict when an entity with powerful military capabilities will come to have an intention to directly threaten other countries. Therefore, Japan must pay attention to the capabilities of such actors and develop defense capabilities to take all possible measures to ensure the security of Japan in peacetime. Moreover, Japan's defense capabilities must be able to respond to new ways of warfare as a result of advances in science and technology. |
そして、強力な軍事能力を持つ主体が、他国に脅威を直接及ぼす意思をいつ持つに至るかを正確に予測することは困難である。したがって、そのような主体の能力に着目して、我が国の安全保障に万全を期すための防衛力を平素から整備しなければならない。また、我が国の防衛力は、科学技術の進展等に伴う新しい戦い方にも対応できるものでなくてはならない。 |
| From this perspective, Japan will respond to situations in a multi-layered way by cross domain operational capabilities that enhance the Japan Self-Defense Forces (SDF) capabilities overall, through the synergy of organically integrated capabilities in space, cyberspace, and electromagnetic domains as well as in ground, maritime and air, and by stand-off defense capabilities and other capabilities that will enable us to respond to invading forces from outside the sphere of threats. In addition to manned assets, by reinforcing unmanned defense and other capabilities, Japan will establish defense capabilities where various capabilities are integrated. Furthermore, in order to maximize effective use of the current defense equipment, Japan will further enhance the effectiveness of defense capabilities by improving mobility, securing ammunition and fuel, and hardening major defense facilities as a top priority. |
このような視点に立ち、宇宙・サイバー・電磁波の領域及び陸・海・空の領域における能力を有機的に融合し、その相乗効果により自衛隊の全体の能力を増幅させる領域横断作戦能力に加え、侵攻部隊に対し、その脅威圏の外から対処するスタンド・オフ防衛能力等により、重層的に対処する。また、有人アセットに加え、無人アセット防衛能力も強化すること等により、様々な防衛能力が統合された防衛力を構築していく。さらに、現有装備品を最大限有効に活用するため、可動率向上や弾薬・燃料の確保、主要な防衛施設の強靭化により、防衛力の実効性を一層高めていくことを最優先課題として取り組む。 |
| A key to deterring invasion against Japan is counterstrike capabilities that leverage stand-off defense capability and other capabilities. In recent years, in Japan’s surroundings, there have been dramatic advances in missile-related technologies, including hypersonic weapons, and practical skills for missile operations, such as saturation attack. Missile forces in the region have significantly improved in both qualitative and quantitative terms, and missiles themselves have been repeatedly launched. Missile attacks against Japan have become a palpable threat. Under these circumstances, Japan will continue its steadfast efforts to both qualitatively and quantitatively enhance its missile defense capabilities by continuing to develop technologies that bring the ability to deal with missiles with irregular trajectories. |
我が国への侵攻を抑止する上で鍵となるのは、スタンド・オフ防衛能力等を活用した反撃能力である。近年、我が国周辺では、極超音速兵器等のミサイル関連技術と飽和攻撃など実戦的なミサイル運用能力が飛躍的に向上し、質・量ともにミサイル戦力が著しく増強される中、ミサイルの発射も繰り返されており、我が国へのミサイル攻撃が現実の脅威となっている。こうした中、今後も、変則的な軌道で飛翔するミサイル等に対応し得る技術開発を行うなど、ミサイル防衛能力を質・量ともに不断に強化していく。 |
| Looking ahead, however, if Japan continues to rely solely upon ballistic missile defenses, it will become increasingly difficult to fully address missile threats with the existing missile defense network alone. For this reason, we need counterstrike capabilities: capabilities which, in the case of missile attacks by an opponent, enable Japan to mount effective counterstrikes against the opponent to prevent further attacks while defending against incoming missiles by means of the missile defense network. |
しかしながら、弾道ミサイル防衛という手段だけに依拠し続けた場合、今後、この脅威に対し、既存のミサイル防衛網だけで完全に対応することは難しくなりつつある。このため、相手からミサイルによる攻撃がなされた場合、ミサイル防衛網により、飛来するミサイルを防ぎつつ、相手からの更なる武力攻撃を防ぐために、我が国から有効な反撃を相手に加える能力、すなわち反撃能力を保有する必要がある。 |
| Counterstrike capabilities are SDF’s capabilities that leverage stand-off defense capability and other capabilities. In cases where armed attack against Japan has occurred, and as part of that attack ballistic missiles and other means have been used, counterstrike capabilities enable Japan to mount effective counterstrikes against the opponent’s territory. Counterstrikes are done as a minimum necessary measure for selfdefense and in accordance with the Three New Conditions for Use of Force. |
この反撃能力とは、我が国に対する武力攻撃が発生し、その手段として弾道ミサイル等による攻撃が行われた場合、武力の行使の三要件に基づき、そのような攻撃を防ぐのにやむを得ない必要最小限度の自衛の措置として、相手の領域において、我が国が有効な反撃を加えることを可能とする、スタンド・オフ防衛能力等を活用した自衛隊の能力をいう。 |
| By possessing such capabilities to mount effective counterstrikes, Japan will deter armed attack itself. If an opponent ever launches missiles, it will be able to prevent the opponent’s further armed attacks by counterstrike capabilities, while protecting itself against incoming missiles by the missile defense network, thereby defending the lives and peaceful livelihoods of Japanese nationals. |
こうした有効な反撃を加える能力を持つことにより、武力攻撃そのものを抑止する。その上で、万一、相手からミサイルが発射される際にも、ミサイル防衛網により、飛来するミサイルを防ぎつつ、反撃能力により相手からの更なる武力攻撃を防ぎ、国民の命と平和な暮らしを守っていく。 |
| Counterstrike capabilities are the capabilities on which the Government expressed its view on February 29, 1956, which stated that, under the Constitution, “as long as it is deemed that there are no other means to defend against attack by guided missiles and others, to hit the bases of those guided missiles and others is legally within the purview of self-defense and thus permissible.” These are also capabilities that the Government has chosen not to acquire up to now as a matter of policy decision. |
この反撃能力については、1956 年２月 29 日に政府見解として、憲法上、「誘導弾等による攻撃を防御するのに、他に手段がないと認められる限り、誘導弾等の基地をたたくことは、法理的には自衛の範囲に含まれ、可能である」としたものの、これまで政策判断として保有することとしてこなかった能力に当たるものである。 |
| This Government view squarely applies to measures for self-defense taken under the Three New Conditions for Use of Force, presented in the 2015 Legislation for Peace and Security, and the capabilities that Japan has now decided to acquire can be used when the above-mentioned Three Conditions are met in compliance with this view. |
この政府見解は、2015 年の平和安全法制に際して示された武力の行使の三要件の下で行われる自衛の措置にもそのまま当てはまるものであり、今般保有することとする能力は、この考え方の下で上記三要件を満たす場合に行使し得るものである。 |
| Counterstrike capabilities fall within the purview of Japan’s Constitution and international law; they do not change Japan’s exclusively defense-oriented policy; and, they will be used only when the above-mentioned Three New Conditions are fulfilled. Needless to say, preemptive strikes, namely striking first at a stage when no armed attack has occurred, remain impermissible. |
この反撃能力は、憲法及び国際法の範囲内で、専守防衛の考え方を変更するものではなく、武力の行使の三要件を満たして初めて行使され、武力攻撃が発生していない段階で自ら先に攻撃する先制攻撃は許されないことはいうまでもない。 |
| While the basic division of roles between Japan and the United States will remain unchanged, as Japan will now possess counterstrike capabilities, the two nations will cooperate in counterstrikes just as they do in defending against ballistic missiles and others. |
また、日米の基本的な役割分担は今後も変更はないが、我が国が反撃能力を保有することに伴い、弾道ミサイル等の対処と同様に、日米が協力して対処していくこととする。 |
| Furthermore, Japan will consistently strengthen coordination and cooperation between the SDF and the Japan Coast Guard (JCG), including control over the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) by the Minister of Defense in the event of a contingency. |
さらに、有事の際の防衛大臣による海上保安庁に対する統制を含め、自衛隊と海上保安庁との連携・協力を不断に強化する。 |
| Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO) utilizing SDF assets in the form of crossgovernmental coordination will also be implemented. |
また、政府横断的な連携を図る形での自衛隊のアセットを活用した柔軟に選択される抑止措置（ＦＤＯ）等を実施する。 |
| In light of Japan’s current security environment, Japan will need to promptly realize the fundamental reinforcement of its defense capabilities. Specifically, by FY 2027, five years after the formulation of the Strategy, Japan will strengthen its defense capabilities to the point at which Japan is able to take the primary responsibility for dealing with invasions against its nation, and disrupt and defeat such threats while gaining the support of its ally and others. Furthermore, by approximately ten years from now, Japan will reinforce its defense capabilities to the point at which it will be possible to disrupt and defeat invasions against its nation much earlier and at a further distance. In addition, as a top priority in five years from now, Japan will maximize effective use of its current equipment, while strengthening its core capabilities for the future of the SDF. |
現下の我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境を踏まえれば、我が国の防衛力の抜本的強化は、速やかに実現していく必要がある。具体的には、本戦略策定から５年後の2027年度までに、我が国への侵攻が生起する場合には、我が国が主たる責任をもって対処し、同盟国等の支援を受けつつ、これを阻止・排除できるように防衛力を強化する。さらに、おおむね10年後までに、より早期かつ遠方で我が国への侵攻を阻止・排除できるように防衛力を強化する。さらに、今後５年間の最優先課題として、現有装備品の最大限の有効活用と、将来の自衛隊の中核となる能力の強化に取り組む。 |
| The above measures related to the development of the SDF architecture and defense policies will entail unprecedented undertakings in terms of size and content. The fundamental reinforcement of defense capabilities will not be achieved by a temporary increase in spending, but rather, the Government will be required to maintain a certain level of expenditure. Hence, these policies will be delivered in accordance with the National Defense Strategy and the Defense Program based on this National Security Strategy. Japan will also need to take appropriate measures for securing stable fiscal resources. |
上記の自衛隊の体制整備や防衛に関する施策は、かつてない規模と内容を伴うものである。また、防衛力の抜本的強化は、一時的な支出増では対応できず、一定の支出水準を保つ必要がある。そのため、これら施策は、本戦略を踏まえ、国家防衛戦略及び防衛力整備計画に基づき実現するとともに、その財源についてしっかりした措置を講じ、これを安定的に確保していく。 |
| In FY 2027, as per its own judgement, Japan will take the necessary measures to make the level of its budget, for both the fundamental reinforcement of defense capabilities and complementary initiatives, reach 2% of the current GDP, through building on the contents of necessary defense capabilities, and by taking into account indexes of international comparison, with a view to coordination with its ally, likeminded countries and others. |
このように、必要とされる防衛力の内容を積み上げた上で、同盟国・同志国等との連携を踏まえ、国際比較のための指標も考慮し、我が国自身の判断として、2027 年度において、防衛力の抜本的強化とそれを補完する取組をあわせ、そのための予算水準が現在の国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）の２％に達するよう、所要の措置を講ずる。 |
| (ii) Coordinating with Reinforced Comprehensive Defense Architecture. |
イ 総合的な防衛体制の強化との連携等 |
| The core effort in addressing Japan's defense challenges will be to fundamentally reinforce its defense capabilities. However, because of wide-ranging security targets and fields, Japan will utilize not only its defense capabilities but also its comprehensive national power, including diplomatic and economic capabilities, to defend itself. With this in mind, Japan will reinforce its comprehensive defense architecture by promoting efforts in four areas that complement and are inseparable from the fundamental reinforcement of defense capabilities under the frameworks of relevant ministries and agencies, namely research and development, public infrastructure development, cyber security, and international cooperation, to enhance deterrence capabilities of Japan and like-minded countries. |
我が国の防衛上の課題に対応する上で、防衛力の抜本的強化がその中核となる。しかし、安全保障の対象・分野が多岐にわたるため、防衛力のみならず、外交力・経済力を含む総合的な国力を活用し、我が国の防衛に当たる。このような考えの下、防衛力の抜本的強化を補完し、それと不可分一体のものとして、研究開発、公共インフラ整備、サイバー安全保障、我が国及び同志国の抑止力の向上等のための国際協力の四つの分野における取組を関係省庁の枠組みの下で推進し、総合的な防衛体制を強化する。 |
| In addition to this, Japan will promote cooperation with organizations inside and outside the Government, including local public authorities, to develop its defense architecture as a whole. |
これに加え、地方公共団体を含む政府内外の組織との連携を進め、国全体の防衛体制を強化する。 |
| (iii) Reinforcing Defense Production and Technology Base as Defense Capabilities Themselves |
ウ いわば防衛力そのものとしての防衛生産・技術基盤の強化 |
| Japan's defense production and technology base is an indispensable foundation for ensuring stable research and development, production, and procurement of defense equipment in Japan. Therefore, Japan will advance defense production and technology bases because they are characterized as defense capabilities themselves. Specifically, in order to build a strong and sustainable defense industry, Japan will promote various initiatives, including making business projects more attractive and actively leveraging the outcomes of advanced technological research in the public and private sectors for research and development of defense equipment. Japan will also reinforce the system for research and development of new defense equipment and take other measures. |
我が国の防衛生産・技術基盤は、自国での防衛装備品の研究開発・生産・調達の安定的な確保等のために不可欠な基盤である。したがって、我が国の防衛生産・技術基盤は、いわば防衛力そのものと位置付けられるものであることから、その強化は必要不可欠である。具体的には、力強く持続可能な防衛産業を構築するために、事業の魅力化を含む各種取組を政府横断的に進めるとともに、官民の先端技術研究の成果の防衛装備品の研究開発等への積極的な活用、新たな防衛装備品の研究開発のための態勢の強化等を進める。 |
| (iv) Promoting Transfer of Defense Equipment and Technology |
エ 防衛装備移転の推進 |
| Transfer of defense equipment and technology overseas is a key policy instrument to ensure peace and stability, especially in the Indo-Pacific region, to deter unilateral changes to the status quo by force, to create a desirable security environment for Japan, and to provide assistance to countries that are subject to aggression in violation of international law, use of force, or threat of force. From this perspective, the Three Principles on Transfer of Defense Equipment and Technology, its Implementation Guidelines, and other systems are to be considered for revisions in order to promote smooth transfer of defense equipment and technology of high security significance and international joint development in a broad array of fields. In doing so, the necessity, requirements, and transparency of the related procedures for transfer of defense equipment and technology will be under adequate consideration, while maintaining the three principles themselves. |
防衛装備品の海外への移転は、特にインド太平洋地域における平和と安定のために、力による一方的な現状変更を抑止して、我が国にとって望ましい安全保障環境の創出や、国際法に違反する侵略や武力の行使又は武力による威嚇を受けている国への支援等のための重要な政策的な手段となる。こうした観点から、安全保障上意義が高い防衛装備移転や国際共同開発を幅広い分野で円滑に行うため、防衛装備移転三原則や運用指針を始めとする制度の見直しについて検討する。その際、三つの原則そのものは維持しつつ、防衛装備移転の必要性、要件、関連手続の透明性の確保等について十分に検討する。 |
| In addition, Japan will carry forward with the transfer of defense equipment and technology in the joint public and private efforts by implementing measures including providing various forms of assistance to smoothly promote such transfers. |
また、防衛装備移転を円滑に進めるための各種支援を行うこと等により、官民一体となって防衛装備移転を進める。 |
| (v) Strengthening the Foundation for SDF Personnel to Fulfill Abilities as Core of Defense Capabilities |
オ 防衛力の中核である自衛隊員の能力を発揮するための基盤の強化 |
| Japan will solidify the human resource base for the SDF personnel, the core of its defense capabilities, in order for the personnel to further fulfill their abilities. To this end, Japan will work to secure diverse and talented SDF personnel from diverse backgrounds. On top of this, Japan will set in place an organizational environment of zero tolerance for harassment, and foster an environment so that female members can play more active roles. Japan will also improve treatment of SDF personnel, and drive efforts to foster an environment in which all SDF personnel can maintain high morale and fully fulfill their abilities. |
防衛力の中核である自衛隊員が、その能力を一層発揮できるようにするため、人的基盤を強化する。そのために、より幅広い層から多様かつ優秀な人材の確保を図る。ハラスメントを一切許容しない組織環境や女性隊員が更に活躍できる環境を整備するとともに、隊員の処遇の向上を図り、そして、全ての自衛隊員が高い士気を維持し、自らの能力を十分に発揮できる環境を整備する。 |
| (3) Deepening Security Cooperation with the United States |
⑶ 米国との安全保障面における協力の深化 |
| Japan will fundamentally reinforce its defense capabilities and deepen security cooperation with the United States. By undertaking such efforts, Japan will further strengthen the deterrence and response capabilities of the Japan-U.S. Alliance, including extended deterrence by the U.S. that is backed by its full range of capabilities, including nuclear. Particularly, based on constant examinations of the roles, missions, and capabilities of Japan and the U.S., for the purpose of strengthening the Alliance’s deterrence and response capabilities, Japan will undertake efforts to coordinate bilateral operations including cross-domain operations and the use of Japan's counterstrike capabilities, improve interoperability, deepen cooperation in the cyber, space and other fields, advance equipment and technological cooperation that capitalizes on advanced technologies, carry out more advanced and practical bilateral exercises, conduct joint Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO), conduct joint intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) operations, and increase joint/shared use of Japanese and U.S. facilities, while further developing coordination functions of such framework as the Alliance Coordination Mechanism (ACM). In doing so, Japan will strengthen the foundations of information security and cybersecurity so that Japan and the U.S. can fully employ their capabilities. At the same time, while undertaking these efforts, Japan will steadily implement the realignment of U.S. Forces in Japan, including the relocation of the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, from the viewpoint of mitigating impacts on local communities including Okinawa. |
我が国の防衛力を抜本的に強化しつつ、米国との安全保障面における協力を深化すること等により、核を含むあらゆる能力によって裏打ちされた米国による拡大抑止の提供を含む日米同盟の抑止力と対処力を一層強化する。具体的には、日米の役割・任務・能力に関する不断の検討を踏まえ、日米の抑止力・対処力を強化するため、同盟調整メカニズム（ＡＣＭ）等の調整機能を更に発展させつつ、領域横断作戦や我が国の反撃能力の行使を含む日米間の運用の調整、相互運用性の向上、サイバー・宇宙分野等での協力深化、先端技術を取り込む装備・技術面での協力の推進、日米のより高度かつ実践的な共同訓練、共同の柔軟に選択される抑止措置（ＦＤＯ）、共同の情報収集・警戒監視・偵察（ＩＳＲ）活動、日米の施設の共同使用の増加等に取り組む。その際、日米がその能力を十分に発揮できるよう、情報保全、サイバーセキュリティ等の基盤を強化する。同時に、このような取組を進めつつ、沖縄を始めとする地元の負担軽減を図る観点から、普天間飛行場の移設を含む在日米軍再編を着実に実施する。 |
| (4) Strengthening Efforts to Seamlessly Protect Japan in All Directions |
⑷ 我が国を全方位でシームレスに守るための取組の強化 |
| In the current security environment, the boundaries between military and nonmilitary, peacetime and contingency, have become blurred. Hybrid warfare is taking place, and gray zone situations are constantly arising. Japan will seamlessly protect its national interests by promoting cross-governmental policies in diverse fields, including cyber, maritime and space domains, technology, intelligence, and ensuring the safety of its people at home and abroad. |
軍事と非軍事、有事と平時の境目が曖昧になり、ハイブリッド戦が展開され、グレーゾーン事態が恒常的に生起している現在の安全保障環境において、サイバー空間・海洋・宇宙空間、技術、情報、国内外の国民の安全確保等の多岐にわたる分野において、政府横断的な政策を進め、我が国の国益を隙なく守る。 |
| (i) Improving Response Capabilities in the Field of Cybersecurity |
ア サイバー安全保障分野での対応能力の向上 |
| In order to ensure secure and stable use of cyberspace, especially the security of the nation and critical infrastructures, the response capabilities in the field of cybersecurity should be strengthened equal to or surpassing the level of leading Western countries. |
サイバー空間の安全かつ安定した利用、特に国や重要インフラ等の安全等を確保するために、サイバー安全保障分野での対応能力を欧米主要国と同等以上に向上させる。 |
| Specifically, in order to be able to respond to emerging cyber threats at any time, Japan will first establish a mechanism to continuously assess the information systems of government agencies, to improve measures against cyber threats as necessary, and to constantly manage vulnerabilities of government agencies’ information systems. As part of these efforts, the Government will continue to enhance defense throughout the lifecycle of information systems of government agencies, including those used in the fields of diplomacy, defense, and intelligence, from installation to disposal, while also promoting the development and effective use of human resources inside and outside the Government, by actively adopting cutting-edge concepts and technologies related to cybersecurity at all times. |
具体的には、まずは、最新のサイバー脅威に常に対応できるようにするため、政府機関のシステムを常時評価し、政府機関等の脅威対策やシステムの脆弱性等を随時是正するための仕組みを構築する。その一環として、サイバーセキュリティに関する世界最先端の概念・技術等を常に積極的に活用する。そのことにより、外交・防衛・情報の分野を始めとする政府機関等のシステムの導入から廃棄までのライフサイクルを通じた防御の強化、政府内外の人材の育成・活用の促進等を引き続き図る。 |
| In addition, Japan will introduce active cyber defense for eliminating in advance the possibility of serious cyberattacks that may cause national security concerns to the Government and critical infrastructures and for preventing the spread of damage in case of such attacks, even if they do not amount to an armed attack. For this purpose, the Government will take further steps to develop information gathering and analysis capabilities in the field of cybersecurity and establish systems to implement active cyber defense. Therefore, the Government will advance efforts to consider to realize necessary measures including the following (a) to (c): |
その上で、武力攻撃に至らないものの、国、重要インフラ等に対する安全保障上の懸念を生じさせる重大なサイバー攻撃のおそれがある場合、これを未然に排除し、また、このようなサイバー攻撃が発生した場合の被害の拡大を防止するために能動的サイバー防御を導入する。そのために、サイバー安全保障分野における情報収集・分析能力を強化するとともに、能動的サイバー防御の実施のための体制を整備することとし、以下の（ア）から（ウ）までを含む必要な措置の実現に向け検討を進める。 |
| (a) Japan will advance efforts on information sharing to the Government in case of cyberattacks among the private sector including critical infrastructures, as well as coordinating and supporting incident response activities for the private sector. |
(ｱ) 重要インフラ分野を含め、民間事業者等がサイバー攻撃を受けた場合等の政府への情報共有や、政府から民間事業者等への対処調整、支援等の取組を強化するなどの取組を進める。 |
| (b) Japan will take necessary actions to detect servers and others suspected of being abused by attackers by utilizing information on communications services provided by domestic telecommunications providers. |
(ｲ) 国内の通信事業者が役務提供する通信に係る情報を活用し、攻撃者による悪用が疑われるサーバ等を検知するために、所要の取組を進める。 |
| (c) For serious cyberattacks that pose security concerns against the Government, critical infrastructures, and others, the Government will be given the necessary authorities that allow it to penetrate and neutralize attacker's servers and others in advance to the extent possible. |
(ｳ) 国、重要インフラ等に対する安全保障上の懸念を生じさせる重大なサイバー攻撃について、可能な限り未然に攻撃者のサーバ等への侵入・無害化ができるよう、政府に対し必要な権限が付与されるようにする。 |
| In order to realize and promote these efforts, including active cyber defense, the National center for Incident readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity (NISC) will be constructively restructured to establish a new organization which will comprehensively coordinate policies in the field of cybersecurity, in a centralized manner. Then, the Government will work on legislation and strengthen operations for the purpose of materializing these new efforts in the field of cybersecurity. These measures will contribute to the reinforcement of a comprehensive defense architecture. |
能動的サイバー防御を含むこれらの取組を実現・促進するために、内閣サイバーセキュリティセンター（ＮＩＳＣ）を発展的に改組し、サイバー安全保障分野の政策を一元的に総合調整する新たな組織を設置する。そして、これらのサイバー安全保障分野における新たな取組の実現のために法制度の整備、運用の強化を図る。これらの取組は総合的な防衛体制の強化に資するものとなる。 |
| In addition, the Government will improve coordination with other policies that contribute to the enhancement of cybersecurity, such as economic security and the enhancement of technical capabilities related to national security. |
また、経済安全保障、安全保障関連の技術力の向上等、サイバー安全保障の強化に資する他の政策との連携を強化する。 |
| Furthermore, the Government will continue to work for the enhancement of information gathering and analysis, attribution and its public announcement, as well as formulation of international frameworks and rules in a coordinated manner with its ally, like-minded countries and others. |
さらに、同盟国・同志国等と連携した形での情報収集・分析の強化、攻撃者の特定とその公表、国際的な枠組み・ルールの形成等のために引き続き取り組む。 |
| (ii) Promoting Maritime Security and Strengthen Maritime Law Enforcement Capabilities |
イ 海洋安全保障の推進と海上保安能力の強化 |
| As a maritime nation surrounded by the sea on all sides and blessed with one of the world's most extensive jurisdictional waters, Japan will work with its ally, like-minded countries, and others to promote efforts to ensure the freedoms of navigation and overflight and to ensure safety, as well as maintain and develop the international maritime order based on universal values, including the rule of law. Specifically, Japan will advance multilateral maritime security cooperation by enhancing maritime surveillance to respond to threats in sea lanes, active bilateral drills and exercises with other countries, and overseas port calls. In addition, anti-piracy and intelligence gathering activities will be conducted to ensure the safety of maritime traffic. |
四方を海に囲まれ、世界有数の広大な管轄海域を有する海洋国家として、同盟国・同志国等と連携し、航行・飛行の自由や安全の確保、法の支配を含む普遍的価値に基づく国際的な海洋秩序の維持・発展に向けた取組を進める。具体的には、シーレーンにおける脅威に対応するための海洋状況監視、他国との積極的な共同訓練・演習や海外における寄港等を推進し、多国間の海洋安全保障協力を強化する。また、海上交通の安全を確保するために、海賊対処や情報収集活動等を実施する。 |
| While undertaking international cooperation in these areas, Japan will ensure freedoms of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea and other waters, promote peaceful settlement of disputes based on international law, strengthen relations with those coastal states along the sea lanes, and actively utilize the Arctic sea routes. Furthermore, Japan will continue to actively utilize the SDF facility in Djibouti in order to secure stable use of the sea lane. |
そして、これらの取組に関連する国際協力を進めつつ、南シナ海等における航行及び上空飛行の自由の確保、国際法に基づく紛争の平和的解決の推進、シーレーン沿岸国との関係の強化、北極海航路の利活用等を図る。さらに、シーレーンの安定的利用の確保等のためにも、ジブチにおける拠点を引き続き活用する。 |
| The role played by the JCG, Japan’s maritime law enforcement agency, is essential to its national security. In order to ensure the security of Japan's territory, including the areas surrounding the Senkaku Islands, and to respond effectively in the event of multiple major incidents, Japan's maritime law enforcement capabilities will be significantly reinforced, in conjunction with efforts to strengthen its organization. Specifically, in accordance with the new policy on strengthening maritime law enforcement capabilities, the JCG will promptly increase assets and introduce new technologies, secure sufficient operational expenses, renew degraded vessels, and secure and train personnel. |
我が国の安全保障において、海上法執行機関である海上保安庁が担う役割は不可欠である。尖閣諸島周辺を含む我が国領域の警備を万全にし、複数の重大事案発生時にも有効に対応していくため、我が国の海上保安能力を大幅に強化し、体制を拡充する。具体的には、新たな海上保安能力強化に関する方針に基づき、海上保安庁によるアセットの増強や新たな技術の導入、十分な運航費の確保や老朽船の更新、海上保安庁の職員の確保・育成等を速やかに図る。 |
| In addition, the coordination and cooperation between the JCG and the SDF will be consistently strengthened, including the Minister of Defense's control over the JCG in the event of an emergency. |
また、有事の際の防衛大臣による海上保安庁に対する統制を含め、海上保安庁と自衛隊の連携・協力を不断に強化する。 |
| Furthermore, international coordination and cooperation with maritime law enforcement agencies in the United States, Southeast Asian countries, and other countries will be carried forward. |
さらに、米国、東南アジア諸国等の海上法執行機関との国際的な連携・協力も強化する。 |
| (iii) Reinforcing Comprehensive Efforts for Space Security |
ウ 宇宙の安全保障に関する総合的な取組の強化 |
| To ensure safe and stable utilization of space, which is indispensable for economic and social activities, Japan will strengthen its response capabilities in the field of space security. Specifically, while promoting the use of the space domain by the SDF, JCG and others, Japan will drive forward measures to capitalize on Japan's overall spacerelated capabilities in the field of security, such as strengthening cooperation between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the SDF. |
経済・社会活動にとって不可欠な宇宙空間の安全かつ安定した利用等を確保するため、宇宙の安全保障の分野での対応能力を強化する。具体的には、自衛隊、海上保安庁等による宇宙空間の利用を強化しつつ、宇宙航空研究開発機構（ＪＡＸＡ）等と自衛隊の連携の強化等、我が国全体の宇宙に関する能力を安全保障分野で活用するための施策を進める。 |
| In addition, Japan will set up a framework for the Government’s decision-making in unforeseeable circumstances, strengthen mechanisms for understanding the space domain, promote measures to address the issue of space debris, expand the development of capabilities to hinder command and control as well as information and communications at the other end, and Japan will enhance cooperation with its ally, likeminded countries, and others, including on the formulation of international codes of conduct. |
また、不測の事態における政府の意思決定に関する体制の構築、宇宙領域の把握のための体制の強化、スペースデブリへの対応の推進、相手方の指揮統制・情報通信等を妨げる能力の整備の拡充、国際的な行動の規範策定を含む同盟国・同志国等との連携の強化を進める。 |
| Furthermore, Japan will utilize its civilian space technology in its national defense by supporting and fostering Japan's space industry, including the construction of satellite constellations, thereby realizing a virtuous cycle to further encourage the development of its space industry |
さらに、我が国の宇宙産業を支援・育成することで、衛星コンステレーションの構築を含め、我が国の民間の宇宙技術を我が国の防衛に活用する。そして、それが更に我が国の宇宙産業の発展を促すという好循環を実現する。 |
| In order to put the agenda and policies in the field of space security into practice, Japan will put together the Government's concept and reflect it in the Basic Plan on Space Policy and other relevant documents. |
このような宇宙の安全保障の分野の課題と政策を具体化させる政府の構想を取りまとめた上で、それを宇宙基本計画等に反映させる。 |
| (iv) Enhancing Public-private Partnerships for Improving Technical Capabilities and Proactively Capitalizing on Outcomes of Research and Development in the Security Field |
エ 技術力の向上と研究開発成果の安全保障分野での積極的な活用のための官民の連携の強化 |
| Cutting-edge science and technology are advancing at an accelerated pace, and it has become extremely difficult in practice to distinguish between technologies for civilian use and for security purposes. Against this backdrop, in order to widely and actively utilize Japan's advanced technological capabilities in the public and private sectors for security purposes, Japan will strengthen the system to improve technological capabilities of the public and private sectors that can be used for security purposes, to utilize, in a whole-of-government manner, funds and information related to research and development. Specifically, for the purpose of promoting research and development of science and technology that contributes to the enhancement of the comprehensive defense architecture, a whole-of-government mechanism will be established to match research and development needs based on the views of the Ministry of Defense with the appropriate technological seeds possessed by relevant ministries and agencies, in addition to implementing these projects. On top of that, Japan will promote active utilization of funds and outcomes related to government-wide R&D, including the Key and Advanced Technology R&D through Cross Community Collaboration Program, for the security sector. |
最先端の科学技術は加速度的に進展し、民生用の技術と安全保障用の技術の区別は実際には極めて困難となっている。このこと等を踏まえ、我が国の官民の高い技術力を幅広くかつ積極的に安全保障に活用するために、安全保障に活用可能な官民の技術力を向上させ、研究開発等に関する資金及び情報を政府横断的に活用するための体制を強化する。具体的には、総合的な防衛体制の強化に資する科学技術の研究開発の推進のため、防衛省の意見を踏まえた研究開発ニーズと関係省庁が有する技術シーズを合致させるとともに、当該事業を実施していくための政府横断的な仕組みを創設する。また、経済安全保障重要技術育成プログラムを含む政府全体の研究開発に関する資金及びその成果の安全保障分野への積極的な活用を進める。 |
| Japan will also work to further strengthen assistance for gathering information, development, and training in the area of cutting-edge and critical technologies and to put in place arrangements. |
さらに、先端重要技術の情報収集・開発・育成に向けた更なる支援の強化と体制の整備を図る。 |
| In order to promote private-sector innovation and to actively utilize the results of such innovation in the security field, Japan will promote the participation of a wide range of leading-edge researchers including those in the academia, while obtaining understanding and cooperation of all parties concerned. Japan will also work across the Government to foster an environment in which the defense industry can fully harness the opportunities offered by other private sector innovations. |
そして、民間のイノベーションを推進し、その成果を安全保障分野において積極的に活用するため、関係者の理解と協力を得つつ、広くアカデミアを含む最先端の研究者の参画促進等に取り組む。また、防衛産業が他の民間のイノベーションの成果を十分に活かしていくための環境の整備に政府横断的に取り組む。 |
| (v) Strengthening Intelligence Capacities for Japan’s National Security |
オ 我が国の安全保障のための情報に関する能力の強化 |
| Japan will reinforce its arrangements and capabilities in the field of intelligence, which is closely related to the maintenance of a sound democracy, smooth decisionmaking by the Government, and effective external communications. Specifically, in order to strengthen Japan's ability to analyze global trends from a broad, accurate, and multifaceted perspective across diplomatic, military, and economic spheres, Japan will significantly enhance its information-gathering capabilities from various information sources, including human intelligence, open source intelligence, signals intelligence, and imagery intelligence. In particular, with regard to human intelligence, the structure for collecting information will be enhanced and strengthened. |
健全な民主主義の維持、政府の円滑な意思決定、我が国の効果的な対外発信に密接に関連する情報の分野に関して、我が国の体制と能力を強化する。具体的には、国際社会の動向について、外交・軍事・経済にまたがり幅広く、正確かつ多角的に分析する能力を強化するため、人的情報、公開情報、電波情報、画像情報等、多様な情報源に関する情報収集能力を大幅に強化する。特に、人的情報については、その収集のための体制の充実・強化を図る。 |
| As for imagery intelligence, the functions of information gathering satellites will be expanded and enhanced, and collected information will be utilized more effectively by strengthening the cooperation and coordination between the Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center and the Ministry of Defense as well as the SDF. |
そして、画像情報については、情報収集衛星の機能の拡充・強化を図るとともに、内閣衛星情報センターと防衛省・自衛隊の協力・連携を強化するなどして、収集した情報の更なる効果的な活用を図る。 |
| In addition, a mechanism will be established to aggregate information in an integrated manner, and the coordination between the policy and intelligence departments will be enhanced. At intelligence departments, intelligence analysis capabilities will be strengthened to provide high-value-added analysis results to policy making departments through comprehensive analysis (all-source analysis) utilizing all of the intelligence means possessed by the Government, including the use of new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). |
また、統合的な形での情報の集約を行うための体制を整備する。政策部門と情報部門の連携を強化し、情報部門については、人工知能（ＡＩ）等の新たな技術の活用も含め、政府が保有するあらゆる情報手段を活用した総合的な分析（オール・ソース・アナリシス）により、政策部門への高付加価値の分析結果の提供を行えるよう、情報分析能力を強化する。 |
| Also, while taking into account the discussions on the establishment of a new security clearance system in the economic security field, the arrangement for information security will be further solidified. |
そして、経済安全保障分野における新たなセキュリティ・クリアランス制度の創設の検討に関する議論等も踏まえつつ、情報保全のための体制の更なる強化を図る。 |
| In addition, from the perspective of bolstering the ability to respond to information warfare in the cognitive domain, including spread of disinformation, a new structure will be established within the Government to aggregate and analyze information on disinformation and others originated abroad, to strengthen external communications, and to enhance cooperation with non-governmental agencies. Furthermore, strategic communication will be actively implemented in a coordinated manner within the Government. |
また、偽情報等の拡散を含め、認知領域における情報戦への対応能力を強化する。その観点から、外国による偽情報等に関する情報の集約・分析、対外発信の強化、政府外の機関との連携の強化等のための新たな体制を政府内に整備する。さらに、戦略的コミュニケーションを関係省庁の連携を図った形で積極的に実施する。 |
| Japan will also promptly consider effective measures by both public and private sectors to prevent the misuse of geospatial information in the security area. |
そして、地理空間情報の安全保障面での悪用を防ぐための官民の実効的な措置の検討を速やかに行う。 |
| (vi) Reinforcing Response Capabilities within Japan with Contingencies in Mind |
カ 有事も念頭に置いた我が国国内での対応能力の強化 |
| In preparation for a direct threat to Japan, Japan will enhance response capabilities in wide ranging areas at home. Specifically, as part of the reinforcement of the comprehensive defense architecture, Japan will establish a cross-governmental mechanism to develop and enhance the functions of public infrastructures such as airports and seaports based on the needs of the SDF and the JCG for their smooth utilization and deployment in response to protection of its nationals, peacetime training, and deployment during contingencies. At the same time, rules will be established for ordinary utilization of airports and seaports with a view to responding to contingencies. These efforts will be promoted in cooperation with local municipalities and residents. |
我が国に直接脅威が及んだ場合も念頭に、我が国国内における幅広い分野での対応能力を強化する。具体的には、総合的な防衛体制の強化の一環として、自衛隊・海上保安庁による国民保護への対応、平素の訓練、有事の際の展開等を目的とした円滑な利用・配備のため、自衛隊・海上保安庁のニーズに基づき、空港・港湾等の公共インフラの整備や機能を強化する政府横断的な仕組みを創設する。あわせて、有事の際の対応も見据えた空港・港湾の平素からの利活用に関するルール作り等を行う。これらの取組は、地方公共団体、住民等の協力を得つつ、推進する。 |
| To ensure the smooth activities of the SDF and U.S. forces, and others, measures will be taken to develop arrangements for transportation and storage of SDF ammunition and fuel, coordinate with related parties and organizations regarding use of civilian facilities by the SDF and U.S. forces, ensure secure and flexible use of radio waves, and ensure that SDF facilities and activities be not negatively impacted by civilian facilities. |
自衛隊、米軍等の円滑な活動の確保のために、自衛隊の弾薬、燃料等の輸送・保管の制度の整備、民間施設等の自衛隊、米軍等の使用に関する関係者・団体との調整、安定的かつ柔軟な電波利用の確保、民間施設等によって自衛隊の施設や活動に否定的な影響が及ばないようにするための措置をとる。 |
| Regarding measures to secure critical infrastructures, which are closely linked to sustaining the daily livelihoods, such as nuclear power plants, and measures against illegal landing on remote border islands, Japan will make efforts to seamlessly respond to crises in various forms and stages that do not amount to armed attacks, in addition to armed attack situations. For that purpose, the SDF, Police, the JCG, and others will establish a coordination framework and strengthen their response capabilities by enhancing the equipment, systems, and training, in order to seamlessly respond to crises in various forms and stages that do not amount to armed attacks, in addition to armed attack situations. |
原子力発電所等の重要な生活関連施設の安全確保対策、国境離島への不法上陸事案対策等に関し、武力攻撃事態のほか、それには至らない様々な態様・段階の危機にも切れ目なく的確に対処できるようにする。そのために、自衛隊、警察、海上保安庁等による連携枠組みを確立するとともに、装備・体制・訓練の充実など対処能力の向上を図る。 |
| (vii) Reinforcing Mechanisms for the Protection of Japanese Nationals |
キ 国民保護のための体制の強化 |
| Japan will reinforce a mechanism for the protection of Japanese nationals through, for instance, efforts to protect residents, in cooperation of the Government, local municipalities, and designated public institutions. Specifically, for the purpose of achieving prompt evacuation of residents, including those in the Southwest region well in advance of an armed attack, Japan will take measures such as formulating a plan for smooth evacuation as soon as possible, securing the means of transportation of the public and private sectors, developing and coordinating the use of airports, seaports, and other public infrastructures, securing various types of evacuation facilities, and working with international organizations. |
国、地方公共団体、指定公共機関等が協力して、住民を守るための取組を進めるなど、国民保護のための体制を強化する。具体的には、武力攻撃より十分に先立って、南西地域を含む住民の迅速な避難を実現すべく、円滑な避難に関する計画の速やかな策定、官民の輸送手段の確保、空港・港湾等の公共インフラの整備と利用調整、様々な種類の避難施設の確保、国際機関との連携等を行う。 |
| In order to enhance the efficacy of these efforts, Japan will also consider the necessary policies, including structural arrangements through promoting coordination among the Government, local municipalities, and designated public institutions, after conducting and assessing drills for the evacuation of residents. |
また、こうした取組の実効性を高めるため、住民避難等の各種訓練の実施と検証を行った上で、国、地方公共団体、指定公共機関等の連携を推進しつつ、制度面を含む必要な施策の検討を行う。 |
| Furthermore, while consistently tackling the enhancement of the information transmission function of J-ALERT, the Government will work to share information and raise public awareness on evacuation activities in preparation for emergencies concerning ballistic missiles. |
さらに、全国瞬時警報システム（Ｊ－ＡＬＥＲＴ）の情報伝達機能を不断に強化しつつ、弾道ミサイルを想定した避難行動に関する周知・啓発に取り組む。 |
| (viii) Reinforcing Architecture and Measures for the Protection of Japanese Nationals and Others Overseas |
ク 在外邦人等の保護のための体制と施策の強化 |
| Japan will reinforce arrangements and measures to protect Japanese nationals and others overseas from threats such as conflicts, natural disasters, infectious diseases and terrorism. Specifically, efforts will be made to take measures, including for raising awareness of Japanese nationals overseas on safety measures from peace time, providing safety information in a timely manner, ensuring means of evacuation, and strengthening cooperation with related countries. |
紛争、自然災害、感染症、テロ等の脅威から在外邦人を守るための体制と施策を強化する。具体的には、平素からの邦人に対する啓発、時宜に適った現地危険情報の提供、退避手段の確保、関係国との連携強化等のための取組を行う。 |
| In this context, consular services at Japanese embassies and consulates, which serve as the most critical hub for protection of Japanese nationals overseas, will be strengthened in terms of structure and capabilities. At the same time, the SDF and other assets will be promptly mobilized for evacuating Japanese nationals and others overseas, when necessary and feasible. To this end, cooperation among relevant ministries and agencies will be enhanced. |
この関連で、在外邦人を保護する上で最も重要な拠点となる在外公館における領事業務に関する体制と能力の強化を図る。同時に、在外邦人等の退避等のために、必要かつ可能な場合には、自衛隊等を迅速に活用することとし、その実現のための関係省庁間の連携を強化する。 |
| Furthermore, while gaining understanding from the Government of Djibouti, the SDF facility there, which has been in operation for counter-piracy activities, will be also utilized for the protection of Japanese nationals and others overseas. |
さらに、ジブチ政府の理解を得つつ、在外邦人等の保護に当たっても、海賊対処のために運営されているジブチにある自衛隊の活動拠点を活用していく。 |
| (viiii) Securing Resources Essential for Japan’s National Security including Energy and Food |
ケ エネルギーや食料など我が国の安全保障に不可欠な資源の確保 |
| From the perspective of ensuring smooth economic and social activities in Japan and abroad, as well as the ability to sustainably respond in the event of an emergency, the Government will promote policies to secure resources essential for Japan’s national security, such as energy security and food security, which form the basis of its people's lives and social and economic activities. |
我が国の経済・社会活動を国内外において円滑にし、また、有事の際の我が国の持続的な対応能力等を確保するとの観点から、国民の生活や経済・社会活動の基盤となるエネルギー安全保障、食料安全保障等、我が国の安全保障に不可欠な資源を確保するための政策を進める。 |
| To ensure energy security, in addition to advancing ties with resource-rich countries, diversifying supply sources, and enhancing procurement risk assessment and other methods, Japan will maximize the use of energy sources that contribute to its energy self-sufficiency, such as renewable energy and nuclear power, and will strategically develop and solidify energy sources for this purpose. In cooperation with its ally, likeminded countries, and international organizations, Japan will drive forward measures to improve Japan's energy self-sufficiency ratio and build a robust energy supply system that can withstand contingencies. |
エネルギー安全保障の確保に向けては、資源国との関係強化、供給源の多角化、調達リスク評価の強化等の手法に加え、再生可能エネルギーや原子力といったエネルギー自給率向上に資するエネルギー源の最大限の活用、そのための戦略的な開発を強化する。同盟国・同志国や国際機関等とも連携しながら、我が国のエネルギー自給率向上に向けた方策を強化し、有事にも耐え得る強靭なエネルギー供給体制を構築する。 |
| With regard to food security, the situation surrounding the supply and demand of food and trade worldwide is unstable and uncertain. As Japan depends largely on imports of food and production materials from overseas, the risks associated with Japan’s food security are manifesting themselves. Therefore, transforming the structure of its food supply is key. Specifically, Japan will produce at home what can be produced here in Japan to the extent possible and work to secure domestic production of items and materials that highly dependent on foreign countries, in conjunction with ensuring stable imports and appropriate supplying of national stockpiles. In pursuit of this, Japan will expand the production of grains, ramp up the production of feed, amplify the use of domestic resources such as compost, and then appropriately carry out measures to ensure stable imports and the national stockpiles of items that are difficult to procure at home, so that Japan can ensure stable food supply to our people and bolster Japan's food security. |
食料安全保障に関し、国際社会における食料の需給や貿易等をめぐる状況が不安定かつ不透明であり、食料や生産資材の多くを海外からの輸入に依存する我が国の食料安全保障上のリスクが顕在化している中、我が国の食料供給の構造を転換していくこと等が重要である。具体的には、安定的な輸入と適切な備蓄を組み合わせつつ、国内で生産できるものはできる限り国内で生産することとし、海外依存度の高い品目や生産資材の国産化を図る。その観点から、穀物等の生産拡大、飼料の増産、堆肥等の国内資源の利用拡大を進めるほか、国内で調達困難なものの安定的な輸入を確保するための対策や適切な備蓄等を併せて講ずることにより、国民への安定的な食料供給を確保し、我が国の食料安全保障の強化を図る。 |
| With a view to responding to global food security crises, Japan will improve the international environment for food supply, improve food production, and provide support to vulnerable countries, in cooperation with its ally, like-minded countries, and international organizations. |
そして、国際的な食料安全保障の危機に対応するために、同盟国・同志国や国際機関等と連携しつつ、食料供給に関する国際環境の整備、食料生産の向上及び脆弱な国への支援等を実施していく。 |
| (5) Promoting Economic Security Policies to Achieve Autonomous Economic Prosperity |
⑸ 自主的な経済的繁栄を実現するための経済安全保障政策の促進 |
| Economic security is to ensure Japan's national interests, such as peace, security, and economic prosperity, by carrying out economic measures. In the face of various threats at hand through economic means, Japan will coordinate ideas on necessary economic measures and execute these measures comprehensively, effectively and intensively to enhance Japan's self-reliance and to secure the advantage and indispensability concerning our technologies and others. |
我が国の平和と安全や経済的な繁栄等の国益を経済上の措置を講じ確保することが経済安全保障であり、経済的手段を通じた様々な脅威が存在していることを踏まえ、我が国の自律性の向上、技術等に関する我が国の優位性、不可欠性の確保等に向けた必要な経済施策に関する考え方を整理し、総合的、効果的かつ集中的に措置を講じていく。 |
| Specifically, Japan will reinforce its mechanisms for promoting economic security policies, and work with its ally and like-minded countries, as well as in cooperation with the private sector, to take measures including those indicated below. Japan will consistently consider and revisit these measures, and in particular, continuously assess the risks that exist in each industry, and implement other necessary security measures in a whole-of-government manner. |
具体的には、経済安全保障政策を進めるための体制を強化し、同盟国・同志国等との連携を図りつつ、民間と協調し、以下を含む措置に取り組む。なお、取り組んでいく措置は不断に検討・見直しを行い、特に、各産業等が抱えるリスクを継続的に点検し、安全保障上の観点から政府一体となって必要な取組を行う。 |
| (i) Japan will steadily implement and constantly review the Economic Security Promotion Act (Law No. 43, 2022.hereinafter referred to as the "Promotion Act"), and further reinforce efforts in this regard. |
ア 経済施策を一体的に講ずることによる安全保障の確保の推進に関する法律（令和４年法律第43号。以下「推進法」という。）の着実な実施と不断の見直し、更なる取組を強化する。 |
| (ii) With regard to supply chain resilience, Japan will curb excessive dependence on specific countries, carry forward next-generation semiconductor development and manufacturing bases, secure stable supply for critical goods including rare earth, and promote capital reinforcement of private enterprises with critical goods and technologies, and strengthen the function of policy-based finance, in pursuit of protecting and nurturing critical goods. |
イ サプライチェーン強靭化について、特定国への過度な依存を低下させ、次世代半導体の開発・製造拠点整備、レアアース等の重要な物資の安定的な供給の確保等を進めるほか、重要な物資や技術を担う民間企業への資本強化の取組や政策金融の機能強化等を進める。 |
| (iii) Japan will consider reviewing government procurement procedures, including those by local municipalities, as well as expanding the scope of the prior screening system under the Promotion Act, with regard to the critical infrastructure field. |
ウ 重要インフラ分野について、地方公共団体を含む政府調達の在り方や、推進法の事前審査制度の対象拡大の検討等を進める。 |
| (iv) With regard to data and information protection, Japan will carry out additional measures to ensure more appropriate management of sensitive data and safety and reliability of information and communication technology services. In addition, keeping in mind information security practices of leading countries and needs of |
エ データ・情報保護について、機微なデータのより適切な管理や情報通信技術サービスの安全性・信頼性確保に向けた更なる対策を講ずる。 |
| the industries, examinations will be made to bolster Japan's information security, including security clearance. |
また、主要国の情報保全の在り方や産業界等のニーズも踏まえ、セキュリティ・クリアランスを含む我が国の情報保全の強化に向けた検討を進める。 |
| (v) For the purpose of fostering and preserving technology and other purposes, Japan will proceed with specific considerations in further stepping up support and developing systems for information gathering, development, and fostering of advanced critical technologies, taking on additional measures to enhance investment screening and export control as well as response to forced technology transfer, and further advancing research integrity and measures against talent drain. |
オ 技術育成・保全等の観点から、先端重要技術の情報収集・開発・育成に向けた更なる支援強化・体制整備、投資審査や輸出管理の更なる強化、強制技術移転への対応強化、研究インテグリティの一層の推進、人材流出対策等について具体的な検討を進める。 |
| (vi) Japan will promote effective efforts against economic coercion by foreign countries. |
カ 外国からの経済的な威圧に対する効果的な取組を進める。 |
| (6) Maintaining and Strengthening International Economic Order based on Free, Fair, and Equitable Rules |
⑹ 自由、公正、公平なルールに基づく国際経済秩序の維持・強化 |
| Japan will maintain and strengthen an open and stable international economic order by preventing non-military pressure by certain states aimed at impeding independent national foreign policy decision-making and sound economic development. Specifically, while maintaining and strengthening the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core, Japan will enhance its own measures to counter against unfair trade practices and economic coercion, including through working to solidify international norms in cooperation with its ally and like-minded countries. |
特定の国家による非軍事的な圧力により、国家の自主的な外交政策の意思決定や健全な経済発展が阻害されることを防ぎ、開かれ安定した国際経済秩序を維持・強化していく。具体的には、世界貿易機関（ＷＴＯ）を中核とした多角的貿易体制の維持・強化を図りつつ、不公正な貿易慣行や経済的な威圧に対抗するために、我が国の対応策を強化しつつ、同盟国・同志国等と連携し国際規範の強化のために取り組んでいく。 |
| In addition, in order to achieve the development of economic order and sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the Indo-Pacific region and extend the free and fair economic order, we will maintain the high standards of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), ensure the full implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, and materialize other economic partnership agreement negotiations and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF). |
また、インド太平洋地域の経済秩序の発展と持続可能で包摂的な経済成長を実現し、自由で公正な経済秩序を広げるために、環太平洋パートナーシップに関する包括的及び先進的な協定（ＣＰＴＰＰ）の高いレベルの維持や、地域的な包括的経済連携（ＲＣＥＰ）協定の完全な履行の確保、その他の経済連携協定交渉、インド太平洋経済枠組み（ＩＰＥＦ）の具体化等に取り組む。 |
| Furthermore, Japan will pursue implementing mutually beneficial economic cooperation as well as maintaining and strengthening international frameworks and rules. To be specific, in order to avoid situations where recipient countries fall into "debt traps" due to opaque forms of assistance to developing countries by some states and others, Japan will spearhead global efforts to ensure that states and institutions comply with international rules and standards and carry out development finance in a transparent and fair manner. |
さらに、相互互恵的な経済協力の実施と国際的な枠組み・ルールの維持・強化を図る。具体的には、一部の国家等による不透明な形での途上国支援に起因して、被援助国が「債務の罠」に陥る状況を回避するために、各国等が国際的なルール・基準を遵守し、透明で公正な開発金融を行うよう、国際的な取組を主導する。 |
| In addition, Japan will provide capacity-building support for developing countries to enhance their self-reliance and present attractive options for the economic development of developing countries, including support in coordination with its ally and like-minded countries and development finance institutions. |
また、同盟国・同志国や開発金融機関等と協調した支援等を含め、途上国の自立性を高めるための能力強化支援や途上国の経済発展のための魅力ある選択肢の提示等を行う。 |
| (7) Global Efforts for Coexistence and Coprosperity in the International Community |
⑺ 国際社会が共存共栄するためのグローバルな取組 |
| Japan's national security can only be fulfilled through the peace and stability of the international community. In order to achieve coexistence and coprosperity with the international community, Japan will cooperate with the international community in ways commensurate with its international standing, economic capabilities, and technological capabilities. |
我が国の安全保障は、国際社会の平和と安定があってこそ全うされる。国際社会との共存共栄を図っていくため、我が国の国際的な地位と経済力・技術力にふさわしい国際社会への協力を行う。 |
| (i) Promote Multilateral Cooperation and Strengthen Ties with International Organizations and Frameworks |
ア 多国間協力の推進、国際機関や国際的な枠組みとの連携の強化 |
| Japan has built relationships of trust with many countries, regardless of differences in political and economic systems, through various forms of cooperation. On this basis, through multilateral diplomacy, Japan will strive to realize the goals it attaches importance to and cooperate with the international community for coexistence and coprosperity by engaging in tailored communications with these countries and strengthening cooperation with the United Nations and other international organizations. |
我が国はこれまで様々な協力を通じて、政治・経済体制等の相違にかかわらず、多くの国との間で信頼関係を築いてきた。これを基礎として、多国間外交の場を通じて、これらの国との丁寧な意思疎通や国連を始めとする国際機関等との連携強化により、我が国が重視する目標の実現を図るとともに、国際社会の共存共栄のために協力していく。 |
| In particular, the UN plays a role in a wide range of fields, including conflict management, humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding, protection and promotion of human rights, climate change, food crisis, natural disasters, and refugee issues, and Japan will strengthen cooperation with the UN and countries surrounding the UN to further promote multilateral cooperation. At the same time, given that the UN Security Council does not function adequately when a permanent member is a party to a dispute, and that other inherent limitations of the UN are becoming apparent, we will lead efforts to strengthen the functions of the UN, including reform of the UN Security Council. |
特に国連は、紛争対処、人道支援、平和構築、人権の擁護・促進、気候変動、食料危機、自然災害、難民問題等の幅広い分野で役割を果たしており、国連及び国連をめぐる各国との協力を強化し、多国間協力を一層進める。同時に、国連安保理常任理事国が紛争当事者の場合には国連安保理が十分に機能しないなど、国連に内在する限界が顕在化していることを踏まえ、国連安保理の改革を含めた国連の機能強化に向けた取組を主導する。 |
| In addition, Japan will advance efforts to enable Japanese nationals to play an even more active role as staff in the UN and other international organizations. |
国連を始めとする国際機関等で邦人が職員として更に活躍できるための取組を強化する。 |
| (ii) Efforts to Address Global Challenges |
イ 地球規模課題への取組 |
| The Sustainable Development Goals ("SDGs"), adopted by the UN in September 2015 are goals for the international community as a whole to address global challenges in an integrated manner, including peace, the rule of law, and human rights, with no one being left behind. Rather than addressing each goal individually, Japan will contribute to the achievement of the SDGs by taking on and preventing complex interrelated risks based on the concept of human security. |
2015 年９月に国連で採択された持続可能な開発目標（以下「ＳＤＧｓ」という。）は、誰一人取り残すことなく、平和、法の支配や人権も含む、地球規模課題に統合的に取り組むための国際社会全体の目標である。各目標に個別に対処するのではなく、人間の安全保障の考え方に基づき、相互に関連する複合的リスクへの対応及び予防に取り組み、国際社会のＳＤＧｓ達成に貢献する。 |
| In addition, with regard to global issues such as climate change, infectious diseases, energy, food problems, and the environment, which have a direct or indirect impact on Japan's national security, Japan will expand the circle of cooperation not only to include its ally and like-minded countries, but also many other countries and organizations, and then enhance international efforts. |
また、我が国の安全保障に直接・間接に影響を及ぼしている気候変動、感染症、エネルギー・食料問題、環境等の地球規模課題について、同盟国・同志国のみならず、多くの国等との協力を広げ、国際的な取組を強化する。 |
| Fully recognizing that global health, including measures against infectious diseases, is an important issue for the international community, encompassing not only economic and social risks but also major national security risks, Japan will cooperate with its ally and like-minded countries as well as international organizations and other relevant partners to take all possible measures to prevent, prepare for, and respond to future infectious disease crises on a regular basis, based on its experience in responding to COVID-19. In doing so, Japan, in cooperation with its ally and like-minded countries as well as with international organizations and other relevant partners, will steadfastly deliver medical care at home, and secure infectious disease control supplies including medicines from the early stages of infection crises, and undertake efforts to advance the ability to respond to infectious diseases based on scientific knowledge. The Government will also work to reinforce its own function of serving as the control tower in response to infectious disease crises. Furthermore, Japan will strive to advance health systems and relevant international frameworks that contribute to the enhancement of response capabilities of infectious diseases in developing countries. |
感染症対策を含む国際保健が、経済・社会のみならず安全保障上の大きなリスクを包含する国際社会の重要課題であることを十分認識し、同盟国・同志国や国際機関等と連携し、新型コロナウイルスへの対応の経験を踏まえ、将来の感染症危機に対する予防、備えと対応を平素から万全にする。その際、同盟国・同志国や国際機関等と連携しつつ、感染症危機の初期段階から、国内における確実な医療の提供や、医薬品を含む感染症対策物資を確保できるようにしつつ、科学的知見等に基づく感染症対応能力の強化等に取り組む。そして、感染症危機に対応する司令塔機能の強化に取り組む。また、途上国等の感染症対応能力強化に資する保健システムや国際的な枠組みの強化等に取り組む。 |
| In addition, the Government will actively promote global efforts in realizing more resilient, equitable and sustainable universal health coverage (UHC). |
そして、より強靭、より公平で、より持続可能なユニバーサル・ヘルス・カバレッジ（ＵＨＣ）の実現に向けた国際的な取組を主導していく。 |
| Additionally, in order to appropriately respond to the rapidly growing needs for humanitarian assistance around the world in recent years, Japan will step up efforts necessary to provide humanitarian assistance promptly and on a sufficient scale. Furthermore, Japan will actively accept displaced people due to war or natural disasters in foreign countries. |
近年、世界中で急速に高まっている人道支援の需要に適切に対応すべく、迅速かつ十分な規模の人道支援を行うために必要な取組を強化する。さらに、外国における戦争、自然災害等のために発生した避難民を積極的に受け入れていく。 |
| The protection of human rights is the fundamental responsibility of each and every country. Japan will raise its voice against serious human rights violations and continue to build on dialogue and cooperation with various countries for the sake of the protection and promotion of human rights. |
人権擁護は全ての国の基本的な責務であり、深刻な人権侵害には声を上げると同時に、様々な国と人権保護・促進に向けた対話と協力を重ねていく。 |
| Given the vulnerable position of women in conflict, Japan will spearhead international efforts to promote the protection and redress of women's human rights. Japan will also undertake efforts around the globe to achieve gender equality and promote women's empowerment in all areas. |
紛争下での女性の脆弱な立場を踏まえ、女性の人権保護・救済促進に向けた国際的な取組を主導する。また、あらゆる分野におけるジェンダー平等の実現と女性のエンパワーメントの促進のために国際的な取組を行っていく。 |
| The international peace cooperation, including peacekeeping operations (PKO) that Japan has long contributed in order to promote peace and stability in the international community, fosters cooperation with other Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), and helps to develop Japan's human resources. Therefore, Japan will continue to actively engage in various forms of cooperation including dispatch of personnel and strategic use of capacity building assistance. |
我が国が国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）等の分野で長年貢献をしてきた国際平和協力は、国際社会の平和と安定に資するとともに、他の要員派遣国との連携促進及び我が国の人材の育成にも繋がるものである。要員派遣や能力構築支援の戦略的活用を含む多様な協力について引き続き積極的に取り組んでいく。 |
| VII Domestic Base that should be Strengthened to Support Japan’s National Security 1. Strengthening the Economic and Fiscal Bases |
Ⅶ 我が国の安全保障を支えるために強化すべき国内基盤 |
| Japan will achieve a virtuous cycle of security and economic growth, in which economic growth promotes further improvements in Japan’s national security while ensuring a security environment in which its economy can grow. |
１ 経済財政基盤の強化我が国の経済が成長できる安全保障環境を確保しつつ、経済成長が我が国の安全保障の更なる改善を促すという安全保障と経済成長の好循環を実現する。 |
| Japan will also ensure sustainable response capabilities in the event of contingencies across a broad array of sectors. To this end, Japan will promote cooperation between the public and private sectors to secure energy, food, and other resources, develop infrastructure, and build stable supply chains for parts and other items essential for security. |
また、幅広い分野において有事の際の持続的な対応能力を確保する。そのために、エネルギーや食料等の確保、インフラの整備、安全保障に不可欠な部品等の安定的なサプライチェーンの構築等のための官民の連携を強化する。 |
| Furthermore, as Japan's economy is highly dependent on foreign countries, Japan has critical importance in maintaining the confidence of international markets and having adequate fiscal capacity to secure the necessary funds to meet a substantial increase in fiscal demand associated with securing resources and defense equipment in the event of contingency. Thus, Japan will work consistently to reinforce the economic, monetary, and fiscal bases which serve as the foundation of Japan's national security. This is a premise for Japan’s continuous and stable national security policy including fundamental reinforcement of defense capabilities. |
そして、我が国の経済は海外依存度が高いことから、有事の際の資源や防衛装備品等の確保に伴う財政需要の大幅な拡大に対応するためには、国際的な市場の信認を維持し、必要な資金を調達する財政余力が極めて重要となる。このように我が国の安全保障の礎である経済・金融・財政の基盤の強化に不断に取り組む。このことは、防衛力の抜本的強化を含む安全保障政策を継続的かつ安定的に実施していく前提でもある。 |
| 2. Reinforcing the Social Base |
２ 社会的基盤の強化 |
| Japan will consistently engage in efforts to deepen the understanding of and cooperation on national security among the people of Japan and organizations, inside and outside the Government, including local municipalities and corporate enterprises. Japan will also pay respect to other countries and their citizens, and foster love for its own country and homeland. In addition, Japan will further promote efforts to ensure that activities of the members of SDF and JCG, police officers, and others who dedicate themselves to hazardous duties for the peace and security of Japan be appropriately appreciated across its society. Furthermore, measures will be taken to ensure understanding and cooperation of residents living near security-related facilities, which form the basis for the activities of these personnel. |
平素から国民や地方公共団体・企業を含む政府内外の組織が安全保障に対する理解と協力を深めるための取組を行う。また、諸外国やその国民に対する敬意を表し、我が国と郷土を愛する心を養う。そして、自衛官、海上保安官、警察官など我が国の平和と安全のために危険を顧みず職務に従事する者の活動が社会で適切に評価されるような取組を一層進める。さらに、これらの者の活動の基盤となる安全保障関連施設周辺の住民の理解と協力を確保するための施策にも取り組む。 |
| In addition, Japan will redouble efforts to put forward information at home and abroad on matters that concern both the public and private sectors, such as issues related to its territory and sovereignty, protection of its nationals, and cyberattacks, and to broaden understanding of the current activities of the SDF and U.S. Forces in Japan. |
また、領土・主権に関する問題、国民保護やサイバー攻撃等の官民にまたがる問題、自衛隊、在日米軍等の活動の現状等への理解を広げる取組を強化する。 |
| Furthermore, Japan will improve public and private sector mechanisms and response capabilities in preparation for the next infectious disease crisis, and promote measures for disaster prevention and mitigation in advance. |
そして、将来の感染症危機に備えた官民の対応能力の向上、防災・減災のための施策等を進める。 |
| 3. Enhancing the Intellectual Base |
３ 知的基盤の強化 |
| The importance of information and technology in the field of national security is on the rise, and ensuring an intellectual base that generates such information and technology is essential to improving security. From this perspective, Japan will promote measures to foster practical cooperation among the Government, business community and academia in the security field, to drive forward information sharing between the public and private sectors for encouraging measured and accurate responses to national security issues, such as the spread of disinformation and cyberattacks, and to step up cooperation between the public and private sectors to facilitate effective communication of Japan's security policy at home and abroad. |
安全保障における情報や技術の重要性が増しており、それらを生み出す知的基盤の強化は、安全保障の確保に不可欠である。 そのような観点から、安全保障分野における政府と企業・学術界との実践的な連携の強化、偽情報の拡散、サイバー攻撃等の安全保障上の問題への冷静かつ正確な対応を促す官民の情報共有の促進、我が国の安全保障政策に関する国内外での発信をより効果的なものとするための官民の連携の強化等の施策を進める。 |
| VIII Duration, Evaluation, and Revision of the Strategy |
Ⅷ 本戦略の期間・評価・修正 |
| The National Security Strategy will fulfill its complete purpose only when its contents are to be executed. Measures based on the Strategy will be strategically and sustainably implemented in a timely and appropriate manner under the National Security Council which serves as the control tower for national security. Furthermore, the National Security Council will regularly and systematically evaluate the security environment and execution of measures based on this document. The Strategy will be executed approximately over the coming decade. Should Japan expect any significant changes including in the security environments, it will make necessary revisions. |
国家安全保障戦略は、その内容が実施されて、初めて完成する。本戦略に基づく施策は、国家安全保障会議の司令塔機能の下、戦略的かつ持続的な形で適時適切に実施される。さらに、安全保障環境や本戦略に基づく施策の実施状況等は、国家安全保障会議が定期的かつ体系的な評価を行う。本戦略はおおむね10年の期間を念頭に置き、安全保障環境等について重要な変化が見込まれる場合には必要な修正を行う。 |
| IX Conclusion |
Ⅸ 結語 |
| At this time of an inflection point in history, Japan is finding itself in the midst of the most severe and complex security environment since the end of WWII. In no way can we be optimistic about what the future of the international community will bring. |
歴史の転換期において、我が国は戦後最も厳しく複雑な安全保障環境の下に置かれることになった。将来の国際社会の行方を楽観視することは決してできない。 |
| However, the world which we have built will continue to be able to nurture economic prosperity thanks to vibrant trade and investment, innovation from global interactions of diverse talents, and new and attractive cultures. We should hold on to these hopes. |
しかし、我々がこれまで築き上げてきた世界は、これからも、活力にあふれる貿易・投資活動から生まれる経済的な繁栄、異なる才能の国際的な交わりから生まれるイノベーション、そして、新しく魅力あふれる文化を生み出すことができる。我々は、このような希望を持ち続けるべきである。 |
| We are now standing at the crossroads of ushering in either a world of hope or a world of adversity and distrust. This very choice will depend on the actions of the international community in the time ahead, including Japan. Japan will ensure its security on the basis of comprehensive national power in areas where the international community is in confrontation. In areas where the international community should engage in cooperation, by contrast, we will continue to fulfill a leading and constructive role in resolving a broad array of issues. Japan’s action in this way worldwide will further enhance its presence and credibility in the international arena and expand the circle of like-minded countries and others, thereby leading to improve the security environment surrounding Japan. |
我々は今、希望の世界か、困難と不信の世界のいずれかに進む分岐点にあり、そのどちらを選び取るかは、今後の我が国を含む国際社会の行動にかかっている。我が国は、国際社会が対立する分野では、総合的な国力により、安全保障を確保する。国際社会が協力すべき分野では、諸課題の解決に向けて主導的かつ建設的な役割を果たし続けていく。我が国の国際社会におけるこのような行動は、我が国の国際的な存在感と信頼を更に高め、同志国等を増やし、我が国を取り巻く安全保障環境を改善することに繋がる。 |
| Even standing at this crossroads between a world of hope and a world of adversity and distrust amidst the most severe and complex post-war security environment, Japan, blessed with a stable democracy, the established rule of law, a mature economy, and rich culture, will advocate policies grounded in universal values and then lead the way in undertaking efforts to reinforce the international order with steadfast resolve. |
希望の世界か、困難と不信の世界かの分岐点に立ち、戦後最も厳しく複雑な安全保障環境の下にあっても、安定した民主主義、確立した法の支配、成熟した経済、豊かな文化を擁する我が国は、普遍的価値に基づく政策を掲げ、国際秩序の強化に向けた取組を確固たる覚悟を持って主導していく。 |
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