EU COVID-19の封じ込め対策を解除するためのロードマップ

こんにちは、丸山満彦です。

EUがCOVID-19の封じ込め対策を解除するためのロードマップを公表していますね。

● EU - Live, work, travel in the EU - Health - Coronavirus response

・2020.04.15 

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15 April – A European roadmap to lifting containment measures

The European Commission, in cooperation with the President of the European Council put forward a roadmap, recommendations and key principles to lifting the containment measures. A successful coordinated European approach to gradually phasing out containment measures will require the correct timing and that several  common criteria are fulfilled: the spread of the virus must decrease and stabilise, health care systems must have capacity, and large-scale testing capacities must be put in place. A number of measures should accompany the phase-out - a contact tracing system must be put in place, testing capacities must be expanded, effective treatments must be developed and health care systems must have capacity.

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・2020.04.15 Coronavirus: European roadmap shows path towards common lifting of containment measures

・[PDF] Communication - A European roadmap to lifting coronavirus containment measures

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● JETRO

・2020.04.16 新型コロナウイルス対策の出口戦略のロードマップ公表

加盟国の出口戦略に8つの提言

ロードマップでは、欧州疾病予防管理センター（ECDC）と欧州委員会の新型コロナウイルスに関する諮問パネルの科学的助言を基に、加盟国が制限解除で考慮すべき提言を以下のとおりまとめている。

• 制限解除が段階的に実施され、その影響を測定する十分な時間が確保されること
• 高齢者や慢性疾患のある高リスクグループなど、より必要度の高い者の保護を維持しつつ、その他のグループへの制限を解除すること
• 国内の地域的な状況を踏まえ、解除の対象を地域レベルから徐々に広域化させること
• 域内の国境制限の解除を加盟国間で協調的に実施した上で、次の段階としてEU域外との国境措置緩和に進むこと
• 経済活動の再開は、安全を確保すべく段階的に実施すること
• 市民の活動制限の解除は、学校、商業施設、飲食店、大規模集会など、活動ごとの特性を考慮した方法で漸進的に進められること
• ウイルス拡散を防止するための取り組みは維持されること
• 国内の状況を継続的に監視し、必要あれば制限措置の再開に備えること

3. CRITERIA

Three sets of criteria are relevant to assess whether the time has come to begin to relax the confinement:

1. Epidemiological criteria showing that the spread of the disease has significantly decreased and stabilised for a sustained period of time. This can, for example, be indicated by a sustained reduction in the number of new infections, hospitalisations and patients in intensive care.
   
   
2. Sufficient health system capacity, in terms of, for instance, occupancy rate for Intensive Care Units, adequate number of hospital beds, access to pharmaceutical products required in intensive care units, the reconstitution of stocks of equipment, access to care in particular for vulnerable groups, the availability of primary care structures as well as sufficient staff with appropriate skills to care for patients discharged from hospitals or maintained at home and to engage in measures to lift confinement (testing for example). This criterion is essential as it indicates that the different national health care systems can cope with future increases in cases after lifting of the measures. At the same time, hospitals are increasingly likely to face a backlog of elective interventions that had been temporarily postponed during the pandemic’s peak so Member States’ health systems should have recovered sufficient capacity in general, and not only related to the management of COVID-19.
   
   
3. Appropriate monitoring capacity, including large-scale testing capacity to detect and monitor the spread of the virus combined with contact tracing and possibilities to isolate people in case of reappearance and further spread of infections. Antibody detection capacities, when confirmed specifically for COVID-19, will provide complementary data on the share of the population that has successfully overcome the disease and eventually measure the acquired immunity.

It is up to the Member States, depending on their own structures, to decide at what level compliance with the criteria above should be assessed.

4. PRINCIPLES

De-escalating from the COVID-19-imposed measures in a coordinated manner is a matter of common European interest. All Member States are affected, albeit to different degrees. The spread of the virus cannot be contained within borders and actions taken in isolation are bound to be less effective. The containment measures, and their gradual relaxation, affect not only public health but also highly integrated value chains, as well as national and cross-border transport systems necessary to enable the free movement of people, goods and services. The integrated nature of the Single Market should therefore be kept in mind when lifting these measures. While the timing and specific modalities will differ between Member States, it is essential that there is a common framework.

Three basic principles should guide the EU and its Member States:

1. Action should be based on science and have public health at its centre: the decision to end restrictive measures is a multidimensional policy decision, involving balancing public health benefits against other social and economic impacts. At the same time, the protection of public health in the short and long term should remain the primary goal of Member States’ decisions. The available scientific evidence must inform as much as possible Member States’ decisions and Member States should be ready to revise their approaches as more scientific evidence appears.
   
   
2. Action should be coordinated between the Member States: a lack of coordination in lifting restrictive measures risks having negative effects for all Member States and creating political friction. While there is no one-size-fits-all approach, at a minimum, Member States should notify each other and the Commission in due time through the Health Security Committee before they announce lifting measures and take into account their views. Communication and discussion should take place in the context of the Integrated Political Crisis Response.
   
   
3. Respect and solidarity between Member States remains essential: a key success factor in this phase is to build on each other’s strengths. Not all health systems are under the same pressure, there is a wealth of knowledge to be shared between professionals and Member States and mutual assistance in times of crisis is key. Though coordination and solidarity between Member States were put into question at the outset of the pandemic, the past few weeks have seen growing examples of solidarity throughout the EU such as the treatment of intensive-care patients in other Member States, the sending of doctors and nurses, the supply to other countries of protective suits and masks as well as ventilators. 17 Member States have so far organised flights, many of them facilitated and funded through the EU‘s Civil Protection Mechanism, to bring home European citizens of all nationalities that were stranded abroad. Clinicians are sharing, through a dedicated online EU platform, experience in treating COVID-19 patients. This is the right approach and it should be continued. It will lead the way to further solidarity measures at EU level to support some Member States and regions that will need it to overcome the pandemic or that will be even harder affected than others by the ensuing economic crisis.